Systems and Organs Anatomy

gullet

the opening to the esophagus

esophagus

the “food tube” carries food from the mouth to the stomach

stomach

digests food and connects to esophagus with “cardiac sphincter” (mouth to stomach) and small intestine with “pyloric sphincter” (stomach to small intestine)

small intestine

site of absorption (Duodenum/Jejunum/Ilium)

Large Intestine

Where reabsorption occurs

Liver

Largest internal organ, metabolizes all substances that enter the body, produces bile

gall bladder

attached to liver and stores bile

pancreas

releases pancreatic juice to digest food and produces insulin to control blood sugar

heart

4 chambers on human (2 atria, 2 ventricles) 3 in a frog (2 atria and 1 ventricle)

ventricles

bottom chambers of heart (right - pumps blood to lungs) (left - pumps blood to the brain and body)

atria

top two chambers of heart

right atrium

holds deoxygenated blood from body

left atrium

holds oxygenated blood from lungs

bicep

anterior upper arm

deltoid

lateral upper arm (shoulder region)

tricep

posterior upper arm

trapezius

posterior, superior back

latissimus dorsi

lower back

pectoralis major

both sides of chest

rectus abdominis

stomach

gastrocnemius

calf

bicep femoris

largest hamstring muscle (back of thigh)

rectus femoris

largest quadricep muscle (front thigh)

achilles tendon

largest tendon (back of leg, calf) connects gastrocnemius to calcaneus

flexion

decreasing the angle of a joint

extension

increasing the angle of a joint

spleen

stores and filters blood/makes white blood cells

kidney

removes waste and extra water from blood

bladder

stores and expels urine

oviduct

where eggs travel to be released, known as fallopian tubes in human

testes

produce sperm

vas deferens

where sperm travels to urethra

glottis

opening to trachea

larynx

voice box

trachea

carries oxygen to lungs

lungs

(blood gas exchange) O2 & CO2 exchange

femur

thigh bone

tibia

shin bone

fibula

lateral leg bone to tibia

radius

lateral forearm bone

ulna

medial forearm bone

humerus

upper arm bone

clavicle

collarbone

ligament

connects bone to bone

tendon

connects bone to muscle

human liver lobes vs. frog liver lobes

4, 3