Sophomore Sacraments and Morality Final Exam Review Flashcards

Flashcards for Sophomore Sacraments and Morality Final Exam Review

What role does prayer play in living out Theology of the Body?

Prayer helps us remain rooted in God’s love and truth, guiding our understanding of human dignity, relationships, and sexuality.

Why does forgetting to pray make it more difficult to love?

When we forget to pray, our sense of purpose can become clouded, making it more difficult to love others as Christ loves us—with patience, sacrifice, and truth.

How can prayer help with the challenge of chastity in dating relationships?

Through prayer, a person can grow in temperance, recognize that true freedom comes from choosing what is good and loving, and helps someone see the value of waiting and respecting the dignity of both themselves and their partner.

What is transubstantiation?

The change of substance in the bread and wine into the body, blood, soul, and divinity of Christ, leaving the accidents intact.

Define Accident (in the context of Eucharist)

What something is. (e.g. an apple)

Define Substance (in the context of Eucharist)

Description, exterior qualities (e.g. …is red)

What is a Paschal Lamb?

A lamb that was sacrificed and eaten as part of the Passover ritual. Can also refer to “the Lamb of God”, symbolizing his sacrifice and redemption for humanity.

Define Zoe

Life in heaven

Define Bios

Biological life

Define Anamnesis

“remembrance”, “memory”, “represent”, “to make present again”

When did Jesus institute the Eucharist? (Include scripture)

During the Last Supper. Mark 14: 22-25 While they were eating, Jesus took bread… “Take it; this is my body.” Then he took a cup… “This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many.

Is the Sacrifice of the Mass a different Sacrifice of Jesus on the Cross? Is it the same? Explain using 'anamnesis'.

It is both different and the same. Jesus is Divine (outside of time) and human (crucified in time). The Paschal Mystery is both a historical event and a Divine event, a mystery not limited to time.

How do we know Jesus spoke literally about giving us himself in the Eucharist?

“This is my Body…my Blood” / “this is the new covenant, in my blood” (HIS blood, not just an animal’s) / “do this in memory of me”

What are the Greek words for “life” and how/why does Jesus use them both in John 6?

Jesus uses “zoe” to refer to “eternal life”, while “bios” is used for “biological life”.

What does the Greek word that Jesus uses to say 'eat/feeds' mean? How does this help one to understand what Jesus meant?

Feeds in Greek is "gnaw" or "munch"

What wound is aided in healing through the Eucharist?

The wound of sin and distance from God that sin creates.

Explain transubstantiation using “substance” and “accidents”.

After consecration, the accidents of the bread and wine (their appearance, taste, smell, and texture) remain unchanged, but their entire substance is transformed into the Body and Blood of Christ.

What is the form, matter, and minister of the sacrament of the Eucharist?

Form: The words of consecration (“This is my body, and this is my Blood”) / Matter: The host (bread) and wine mixed with a little bit of water, become the Body and Blood, soul and divinity of Jesus / Minister: Priest or bishop (also a priest)

Why is the sacrament of the Eucharist the central teaching of the Catholic Church?

It is the source and summit of the Catholic Church. Source: Christian Faith begins with the Eucharist / Summit: Eucharist is the PEAK of our faith. Christian life is DIRECTED toward the Eucharist

What are the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd commandments?

1st: Thou shalt have no other gods before me. 2nd: You shall not take the name of Lord your God in vain. 3rd: Remember to keep holy the Lord’s Day

Define Temperance

The moral virtue that provides balance in the use of created goods.

Why is it important to go to Mass on Sundays?

The Day of Rest and Worship, God Rested on the 7th day, Honoring the Lord’s day, receive the Eucharist, connect with the community of believers.

When is it permissible for a Catholic to miss Mass?

Only under serious circumstances.

What ultimately happens when we pray? How often should we pray?

Helps reorder relationship with God/deepens connection+relationship / Daily prayer restructures my life so God is actively at the center.

What is Objective truth?

Reality as it is, apart from how one wishes it to be Ex: gravity

What is Personal preference (subjective/relative opinion)?

Preferences which can change depending on the person Ex: Taste preference with food

Define Freedom

Choosing the good always with ease

Define Free Will

Capability to direct oneself always with ease

What is an incomplete and misleading definition of freedom?

"Doing whatever one wants," because it ignores the importance of responsibility and the potential harm that can result from unchecked desires and can direct oneself to evil.

What is chastity and what is its role? Who is called to practice chastity?

A virtue that frees us from the selfish of using another. Makes us capable of love and includes the purity of mind and body. Everyone is called to chastity.

Distinguish between mortal and venial sin

Mortal sin ruptures, breaks relationship with God, self, and others. Venial sin wounds relationship with God.

Give the three requirements for mortal sin

1) grave matter 2) full knowledge 3) full consent

List the five 'ways' in which one could sin (WOTAD)

Word, Omission, Thought, Action, Desire

What are the minister, matter, and form of Reconciliation?

Minister: The priest / Matter: The sins, sincere contrition, the confession of sins / Form: The words of absolution

List the effects of the Sacrament of Reconciliation

1) Peace of conscience and spiritual consolation 2) eternal punishment from mortal sin remitted 3) forgiveness of sins 4) purgatorial debt reduced and given grace to avoid sin in the future 5) sanctifying grace restored if lost by mortal sin 6) reconciliation with God in the church

Reconciliation helps heal the human wound of…

Sin

What are the qualities of hope?

1) Confidence in God's strength, not my own 2) he can provide everything I need, I can depend on him 3) he holds nothing back, he gives children every good gift

How does Christ give new meaning to human suffering?

Suffering can transform someone into an entirely new person and give internal maturity. They discover the salvific meaning of suffering and a new dimension of his entire life and vocation. It transforms and changes someone from within

Define Metanoia

Heart (core) of God meets our misery

Define Viaticum

"with you on the way" Jesus is with you on the way to heaven! Jesus will be with the sick person on the way from this life to eternal life

Who can receive Anointing of the Sick?

Before major surgery, when seriously ill, when dying

Anointing of the Sick helps heal the human wound of…?

Hopelessness

What is the form, matter, minister of Anointing of the Sick?

Form: anointing of the sick person; prayers / Matter: holy oil / Minister: priest or Bishop

When does God use Anointing of the Sick to bring physical healing to a person?

Only when it is beneficial to a person's soul

How do we know Jesus instituted the Anointing of the Sick?

All the physical healings of Jesus in Luke 9: 1-2 - he sent his apostles 2 by two to heal the sick

Define/describe each quality of love: free, total, faithful, fruitful

Free: No one forces you and you choose it freely / Total: You give all of yourself and do not hold anything back / Faithful: committed to your spouse and commitment guides actions. Keep your promises. Committed to that person until death. / Fruitful: your love is life giving.

Define fortitude

Cardinal virtue that strengthens us to resist temptations and to overcome obstacles such as conquering fear and the strength to face persecution

Are sexual desires good? Why or why not?

Good. To love like God by making a gift of oneself

What does the body 'say' through the language of the sexual act? Is this language relative or objective?

The body says “I trust you” and “I give you all of me” / Objective message, but way it is conveyed can be relative

What does contraception 'say' in the marital act?

“Child is the enemy”, “God is the enemy”

Define Natural Family Planning

Tracking cycles and fertility / Instead of using contraception / A woman tracks her cycle depending on if she is fertile and times where she is not.

Define Contraception

anything that sterilizes the sexual act to render it unable to create life

What are the effects of the sacrament of Matrimony?

1) The grace to love unselfishly 2) the grace to strengthen the permanent nature of their union and appreciate the joy their union can bring 3) the grace to strengthen them to attain eternal life 4) children, if it is God's will, and they are helped to raise them in faith and love 5) grace to be a witness of a faithful couple, which strengthens the church community and the fabric of society

What are the elements of the sacrament of marriage (matter, form, minister)?

Matter: marital act / Form: couple: the wedding vows and the I do / Minister: bride and groom

What are the two purposes of sex?

Procreation and unity

Explain the “super glue effect” of the marital act

The marital act unifies the couple, and is not just a spiritual unity, but physiologically a unity that takes place; dopamine is a reward signal; oxytocin is bonding in trust increase.

Can the church grant an annulment to a valid marriage?

The church cannot grant an annulment to a valid marriage because to grant an annulment there would have to be something that would prevent the marriage from being free total faithful and fruitful

What is required from each person for a marriage bond to be complete or indissoluble?

No obstacles needs to be free total faithful and fruitful bond is complete. Sanctifying grace is given once they consummate their marriage/ God makes their bond in dissoluble

The sacrament of marriage helps to heal the human wound of…

Fear

Define Celibacy

Abstaining from marriage and sexual relations

Define Discernment

The process of discovering one's vocation through prayer and reflection

Define Eschatological Sign

A sign of the future kingdom of God

Define Vocation

A call from God to a particular state of life

Define Consecrated Virginity

A state of life in which a woman dedicates herself to Christ and the Church

Define Apostolic Succession

The authority bishops descend from the apostles

What are Holy Orders?

A sacrament in the Catholic Church through which men are ordained as bishops, priests, or deacons

What human wound does the sacrament of Holy Orders help to heal?

The wound of confusion

What are the 3 types of vocation?

Universal vocation- holiness / State in life- marriage and consecrated life / Personal vocation- unique and unrepeatable

What are the 3 degrees of Holy Orders?

Diaconate (deacon) / Priesthood / Bishop

What is Apostolic Succession?

Apostolic succession is the transmission of spiritual authority from the apostles to the next popes and bishops / All bishops descend from the apostles