Pivot Point 102.1-102.3

An infection occurs when?

A disease causing bacteria or virus enters the body and multiples to the point of interfering with the body’s normal state.

What is a local infection?

Infection located in a small confined area, indicated by a pus-filled boil, pimple or inflamed area

What is a general or systemic infection?

Occurs when the circulatory system carries bacteria and their toxins to other parts of the body

What are six signs of infection?

• Pain

• Swelling

• Redness

• Local Fever

• Throbbing

• Discharge

What are pathogens?

Micro-organisms that cause disease

What are produces by the immune system and can either destroy kill or inactivate pathogens?

Antibodies

A special group or type of antibodies that render a toxic substance harmless

Antitoxins

What are the 5 types of pathogens?

Bacteria, Viruses, External Parasites, Fungi, and Biofilm

What are bacteria and where are they found?

One-called microorganisms

Found in warm, dark, damp, and dirty places

What are the two classifications of bacteria?

Nonpathogenic - non disease producing

Pathogenic - disease producing

Where can you find most nonpathogenic bacteria and what do they do?

Surface of skin

Cause defeat of refuse or vegetation

Where can you find pathogenic bacteria and what do they do?

• Live everywhere in environment

• Cause infection and disease. Produce toxin (poison)

• Spread thought dirty tools and hands

Bacterial infections are caused by:

Invading the body through a break in the skin through any of the body’s natural openings.

Pre existing reason for withholding a particular salon since as a skin condition is considered a

Contraindication

What is MRSA?

A highly contagious bacterial infection that enters through open wounds and can cause a staphylococcus infection

What is mycobacterium?

A contagious bacteria often found in soil and water, including tap water and water treated with chlorine

What is a virus

A submicroscopic infectious particle that is technically not alive

smaller than bacteria

REQUIRES A HOST TO MULTIPLY

Not treatable with antibodies

What are external parasites?

Organisms that live on or obtain their nutrients from another organism called a host

What are parasite mites?

Insects that cause infectious disease, such as itch mites and head lice

What are scabies

An extremely condition caused by infestation

How long do head lice live and how are they transmitted

Can’t live longer than 48 hours

Transmitted through contact of towels or headbands

What are the three types of fungi (mold and yeasts) that may produce contagious diseases

Ringworm (tinea)

Athlete’s Foot (tinea pedis)

Ringworm of the Scalp (tinea capitis)

What type of fungus doesn’t cause human infections but can harm plants or surfaces such as sinks and towel bins?

Mildew

What is a type of plaque created when bacterial colony and water is present?

Biofilm

When a disease spreads from one person to another via contact, it is referred to as

Contagious or communicable

What is the process of how pathogens move

Transmission

What is the most cost effective intervention for worldwide disease control and one of the most important ways to prevent the transmission of infection?

Handwashing

How are pathogens spread in direct transmission

Person to person (ex. HPV, strep throat, flu)

How are pathogens spread in indirect transmission?

Object to person (ringworm, MRSA)

A person who carries disease producing bacteria or viruses with no recognizable symptoms is called an

Asymptomatic carrier

What are some examples of standard precautions?

Properly disinfecting tools

Frequent hand washing

Wearing personal protective equipment

Standard precautions must be used with

Blood

All bodily, fluid, secretions, excretions except sweat

Mucous membranes

Broken skin

What are the two types of immunity?

Active and Passive

When exposure to a disease organism triggers the immune system to produce antibodies to that disease it is called

Active immunity (lifelong)

When antibodies are given instead of being produced by it’s own immune system it is which kind of immunity?

Passive immunity (short term)

Transfer of parasites that can occur through personal contact or articles preciously used or contaminated

Cross-infestation

Term used to describe efforts to prevent the spread of

Communicable disease

What are the 3 infection control methods?

Cleaning, Disinfecting, Sterilization

Which method is the removal of dirt, debris, and personal pathogens. Slows the growth of pathogens on porous and nonporous surfaces. It is also a preparation step for nonporous items.

Cleaning

What method is a procedure that kills certain pathogens on nonporous surfaces. Does not kill bacteria spores.

Disinfection

Which method causes the destruction of ALL microbial life including bacterial spores. It is the most effective method of infection control.

Sterilizaiton

What are chemical products used to reduce pathogens on surfaces that are porous and nonporous?

Sanitizers

What can be applied to skin to reduce pathogens?

Antiseptic

What percentage of isopropyl alcohol or hydrogen peroxide can be used as a topical antiseptics for the skin?

70%

Single use items are…

Porous items (absorbs water)

Can’t be disinfected

Discarded after each use

Multi-use items are…

Nonporous (don’t absorb water)

Can be used again, cleaned and then disinfected

What is contact time?

The amount of time a disinfecting product needs to be in direct contact with an item and stay wet to be effective against pathogens

What does OSHA stand for and what do they do?

Occupation Safety and Heath Administration

Enforces safety and health standards in the workplace

What does HCS stand for?

Hazard Communication Standard

Created as a result of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970

What is the SDS?

Safety Data Sheet that is designed to provide key information on a specific product

What is efficacy?

The ability to produce results or effectiveness

What is the EPA

Environmental Protection Agency

Approves efficacy of products used for infection control.

Manufactures submits product for verification of effectiveness

What is the EPA registration number?

A number on a product that goes along with the approval of efficacy claims on the label

What is a EPA-registered disinfectant?

Chemical products assigned by the EPA as being effective on nonporous surfaces to control the spread of disease.

What do the terms, bactericidal, fungicidal, and virucidal mean?

Kills bacteria

Kills fungi

Kills virus

What are blood borne pathogens

Infectious microorganisms in human blood

What are the type of disinfectants?

concentrate, wipes, and sprays

What is the disinfecting procedure of a comb?

Remove all hair from brush

Wash the brush thoroughly with sop and water

Rinse and dry the brush completely

Immerse the brush in disinfecting solution

Remove the brush with gloves, tongs, or forceps

Store in a disinfected, dry, covered container labeled “disinfected”

Disinfected unplugged electrical appliances using an approved

EPA Registered Disinfectant

What is cross contamination?

Unintentional transfer of harmful pathogens from one person, object, or surface to another, with or without harmful effects.

What are aseptic procedures?

Procedures used to minimize contamination through proper handling of disinfected, sterile tools, and equipment

What is decanting

Removing a product from it’s original container to a separate container to avoid cross contamination.

What is an autoclave>

A pressurized steam heated vessel that sterilizes nonporous tools and equipment.

What are the 3 Good Samaritan Laws?

1. Encourage people to help others in emergency situations

2. Give legal protection to people who provide emergency care

   1. Require that the Good Samaritan uses common sense

What is the correct first aid technique for bleeding and wounds

1. Place a clean cloth or gauze over wound and apply pressure for 5 minutes

2. Call 911 if bleeding is severe

3. Elevate injured arm or leg above heart level

4. When bleeding stops, secure with a bandage.

What do you do to treat a chemical burn?

1. Rinse away traces of chemicals and remove contaminated clothing from burn area

2. Cover the burn loosely with clean, dry cloth

   1. Refer person to medical professional

How do you treat heat or electrical burns?

1. If the skin is not broken, immerse the area in cool water and apply cool compress. Bandage with a clean dry cloth

2. Do not break a blister if forms.

3. If the skin is broken or burn is severe call 911. Do not remove clothing

What are the steps to help someone who is choking

1. See if they can talk or cough, if not call 911 while you give abdominal thrusts

2. Stand behind victim and wrap arms around stomach

3. Make thumbless first and place fist above belly button and under ribs

   1. Perform upward abdominal thrusts by grasping fist with other hand and pulling quickly towards you

What are the steps to help someone who fainted?

1. Lay the victim on their back to give them plenty of fresh air,

2. Reassure the victim and apply a cold compress to their face

3. As the client if they are prone to low blood pressure

   1. If victim vomits, roll them over on side to keep windpipe clear

How should you treat a chemical eye injury?

Hold eyelids apart and flush eyeballs with lukewarm water for 15-30 minutes

Place gauze pad over both eyes and secure with bandage

How do you treat a cut, scratch, or embedded object (eyes)

1. Place gauze pad over both eyes and secure with a bandage

2. Do not try to remove embedded object