Unit 1 Time Period 2 Vocab

Corporate colonies

operated by joint-stock companies (ex: Jamestown)

Royal Colonies

remained under control of the King (ex: Virginia)

Proprietary Colonies

under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king to establish colonies (ex. Maryland & Pennsylvania)

Chesapeake Colonies

agricultural colonies. Involved both small farmers & large-scale farming. Primarily grew Tobacco. Economy based on slavery and indentured servitude.

George Calvert (Lord Baltimore)

1694- He was the founder of Maryland, a colony which offered religious freedom, and a refuge for the persecuted Roman Catholics.

House of Delegates

the lower house in Virginia's General Assembly

Act of Toleration

A legal document that allowed all Christian religions in Maryland: Protestants invaded the Catholics in 1649 around Maryland: protected the Catholics religion from Protestant rage of sharing the land: Maryland became the #1 colony to shelter Catholics in the New World.

Virginia

The first colony of the British Empire; Established during the rule of Queen Elizabeth I. Jamestown is located there.

Sir William Berkeley

the royal governor of Virginia. Adopted policies that favored large planters and neglected the needs of recent settlers in the 'backcountry.' His shortcomings led to Bacon's Rebellion

Bacon's Rebellion

1676 - Nathaniel Bacon and other western Virginia settlers were angry at Virginia Governor Berkley for trying to appease the Doeg Indians after the Doegs attacked the western settlements. The frontiersmen formed an army, with Bacon as its leader, which defeated the Indians and then marched on Jamestown and burned the city. The rebellion ended suddenly when Bacon died of an illness.

Indentured Servant

Laborer who agreed to work without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to America

Headright System

The Virginia Company's system in which settlers and the family members who came with them each received 50 acres of land

Slavery

A system of enforced servitude in which some people are owned by other people.

Roger Williams

He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs.

Providence

another name for Rhode Island; saying that the colony was a blessing and protection given from God due to Roger Williams' exaltation of Massachusetts Bay Colony

Anne Hutchinson

A Puritan woman who was well learned that disagreed with the Puritan Church in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony, and later took part in the formation of Rhode Island. She displayed the importance of questioning authority.

Antinomianism

Belief in God alone grants Salvation; identified with Anne Hutchinson.

Rhode Island

Established by Roger Williams, it practiced religious tolerance and did require voters to be church members.

Thomas Hooker

A Puritan minister who led about 100 settlers out of Massachusetts Bay to Connecticut because he believed that the governor and other officials had too much power. He wanted to set up a colony in Connecticut with strict limits on government.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Set up a unified government for the towns of the Connecticut area (Windsor, Hartford, and Wethersfield). First constitution written in America.

Connecticut

Founded by Thomas Hooker and his followers to escape religious persecution. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut defined the powers of colonial government and allowed more men to vote than in Massachusetts.

Praying Towns

Villages where New England Indians who converted to Christianity were gathered

New Hampshire

Founded by Fernando Gorges and John Mason in 1622 for profit from trade and fishing

New England Confederation

1643 - Formed to provide for the defense of the four New England colonies, and also acted as a court in disputes between colonies.

Metacom/King Philip's War

Chief aka King Philip ; fought but lost for / against English encroaching on their land. Thousands died.

The Carolinas

1665 - Charles II granted this land to pay off a debt to some supporters. They instituted headrights and a representative government to attract colonists. The southern region of the Carolinas grew rich off its ties to the sugar islands, while the poorer northern region was composed mainly of farmers. The conflicts between the regions eventually led to the colony being split into North and South Carolina.

Rice Plantations

These plantations grew food for the West Indies, and relied on slave labor. Found in South Carolina.

Tobacco Farms

These were mainly small farms in North Carolina, but larger tobacco plantations were found in other parts of the colonies.

New York

Founded by the Dutch

New Jersey

Founded by John Berkely and George Carteret in 1660/1664 to expand trade and for religious and political freedom

Pennsylvania

Founded by William Penn as a Quaker colony

Quakers

A form of Protestantism in which the believers were pacifists and would shake at the power of the word of the Lord

William Penn

A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution.

Holy Experiment

name for William Penn's idea that people of different nationalities and religious beliefs could live peacefully together in his Pennsylvania colony

Delaware

Founded by Peter Minuit in 1638/1664 to expand trade - 1st established by the Swedes

Georgia

Founded by James Oglethorpe. Started as a "debtor's" colony. Criminals, vagrants, disease infected, and financially broke people were sent there. Also acted as a "Buffer" colony to protect attacks from the Spanish in Florida.

James Oglethorpe

Founder and governor of the Georgia colony. He ran a tightly-disciplined, military-like colony. Slaves, alcohol, and Catholicism were forbidden in his colony. Many colonists felt that Oglethorpe was a dictator, and that (along with the colonist's dissatisfaction over not being allowed to own slaves) caused the colony to break down and Oglethorpe to lose his position as governor.

Navigation Acts

Acts passed in 1660 passed by British parliament to increase colonial dependence on Great Britain for trade; limited goods that were exported to colonies; caused great resentment in American colonies.

Dominion of New England

1686 - The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros). The Dominion ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros.

Glorious Revolution

A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange.

Triangle Trade

the trading system between the Americas, England and Africa; Africa would give slaves and rum to the Americas, including the West Indies; America would offer timber, tobacco, fish, and flour; England would mainly process and ship back

Slave Trade

European trade agreement with Africa dealing with slaves brought from Africa. Integral part of Triangle Trade between the Americas, Africa, and Europe.

Middle Passage

the sea journey undertaken by slave ships from West Africa to the West Indies.

Stono Rebellion

The most serious slave rebellion in the the colonial period which occurred in 1739 in South Carolina. 100 African Americans rose up, got weapons and killed several whites then tried to escape to S. Florida. The uprising was crushed and the participants executed. The main form of rebellion was running away, though there was no where to go.