PHILOSOPHERS OF SELF

UTS

Socrates

systematic questioning / body (imperfect & temporary) and soul (perfect & permanent)

Know oneself

True task of a philosopher

Plato

dual nature (body and soul) ; 3 components of the soul: rational, appetitive and spirited

3 components of the soul by Plato

Rational = for thinking

Spirited = for emotions

Appetitive = for desires

Augustine

bifurcated nature:

the body = bound to die

the soul = lives eternally with God (can stay after death)

Thomas Aquinas

Sleep is the absolute way to rest

Composition of man: Matter (hyle) & Form (morphe)

The soul animates the body

Composition of man by Thomas Aquinas

Matter (hyle) - the body / everything that makes up the universe

Form (morphe) - essence of a substance

Rene Descartes

Mind-body dualism:

the mind is essence of man

the body is a machine

“I think, therefore I am”

David Hume

No permanent self - a bundle of perceptions constantly changing

Knowledge is gain through experience

Immanuel Kant

time and space - self organizes experiences

mind actively shapes reality

Gilbert Ryle

rejection of inner self

behavior that manifests everyday

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

Mind and Body are inseparable

all experiences are embodied ; body is a proof of existense