Experience Human Development Chapter 4

Parturition

2 weeks before delivery

What happens during parturition?

Uterine and cervical changes to bring on labor process

Braxton Hicks

False Contractions

1st stage of labor (time)

Longest (12-14 hours)

what happens during the 1st stage of labor?

Contractions. Cervix widens and dialates

2nd stage of labor (time)

1-2 hours

Labor

Giving Birth Process

What happens during the 2nd stage of labor?

Strong contractions. babys head moves through the cervix into vaginal canal

When is the 2nd stage of labor over?

When the baby is completely out.

3rd stage of labor (time)

10-60 minutes

What happens during the 3rd stage of labor?

Placenta and remainder of umbilical cord expells

Electronic Fetal Monitoring

Track fetus Heartbeat

Vaginal Birth pros

Help expel amniotic fluid from lungs. Surge of hormones, send blood to the heart and brain. Mobilize stored fuel to nourish cells

Vaginal Birth cons

Sexual dysfunction, risk of tearing, increased birth trauma.

C-Section

Surgical removal

natural childbirth

No Drugs, breathing and relaxation

Prepared childbirth

social support, voice coach, reduce fear through breathing and massage.

Birth process pre 20th century

Female only ritual. midwives. Increased Death Rates.

Pre 20th century how many babies died before first year?

1/4

Local Anethesia

Blocks pain receptors

analgesic

pain killer (reduces perception of pain)

Neonate

Baby

Neonatal Period (Time)

1st 4 weeks of life

Avg baby stats

20 inches and 7.5 lbs

Neonatal Period Definition

Time of transition from uterus to independent existence

fotanels

soft spots

Lanugo

Pink fuzzy skin

Vernix Caseosa

"Cheese" protection

Meconium

Poop. Stringy Green/black

neonatal jaundice

Yellow skin an eyes. Immature Liver.

Anoxia

LACK of oxygen

Hypoxia

Reduced oxygen

Apgar Scae

measure newborns condition, assess appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration (10pt scale)

Brazelton Neonatal Behav. ass.

Response to environment. Help predict future development (Motor, organization, reflexes, state changes, attention etc..) (30 minutes)

State of arousal

Physiological and behavioral status at a given moment in the periodic daily cycle of wakefulness, sleep and activity (degree of alertness)

Baby sleep

75% of the time (18 hours a day)

Complications

low-Birth-weight, premature infants, small for date

Low-Birth-weight is contributed to

delayed childbearing, multiple births, fertility drugs and increased induced and C-section births

Other low birth weight factors

Environment, education level, nutrition, age, stress, infections

preterm

born before 37th week

small for date

weigh less than 905 of avg baby

Kangaroo care

skin to skin contact face down on mothers breasts for 1-2 hours at a time.

How is kangaroo care beneficial?

Allows self regulation, contact and comfort.

isolette

antiseptic, temp controlled 'crib'. Holes allow for touch and massage

Protective factors

reduce impact of early stress

individual attributes of protective factors

energy, sociability, and intellegence

Post mature

2 weeks past due date

Survival and health

sever infections, preterm delivery, asphyxia, many deaths are preventable.

IMR

babies death within 1 year

#1 death in u.s.a

Low birth weight, sids, birth defects, maaternal and placenta complications

sids

crib death

Causes of sids

Unknown BUT laying on stomach inhibits swallowing reflux. Re-breathing, low seratonin keeps baby asleep

When does sids peak?

2-3 months

what percentage of kids are vaccinated?

90%

When does rapid growth occur?

2-3 years.

Teething occurs at what months

3-4 months

other baby concerns

Solids introduced 2nd half of 1st year. Malnutrition, obesity.

What form of feeding is most nutritious?

Breastfeeding

Benefits of breastfeeding

More digestible. Reduces allergic reactions, minimizes infections, reduces sids risk, better cognitive performance.

How long should one breastfeed for?

6months to 1 year

Reflex behavior

Automatic, involuntary, innate responses to stimulation.

Types of reflex behavior

Primitive, postural, locomotor

Primitive reflex

Sucking and Rooting

Postural Reflex

Changes in position and balance

Locomotor

Walking and swimming

Rule of experience

Postnatal brain molded by development

Plasticity

Ability to change and learn new things

Threats to Plasticity

Sensory impoverishment

1st sense to develope

touch and pain

touch and pain sense

rooting. Able to experience pain at birth

Smell and taste

Begins in womb. babies prefer sweet.

hearing

Functional before birth

Sight

last sense to develop

20/20 vision is achieved at what month?

6 months

Binocular vision

depth

What months does binocular vision develop fully?

4-5 months