Organic Chemistry - Observations

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Last updated 7:19 AM on 6/26/26
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8 Terms

1
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Alkene + alkane

(chemical, observation, difference+reaction type)

Add Br2

Both orange > colourless

Alkene (addition) fast, alkane (substitution) slow + needs UV

2
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Carboxylic acid + amine

(chemical, per item: observation, difference, reaction type)

Add H2O

Carboxylic acid: red in litmus, acid-base reaction (donates H+ ions)

Amine: blue in litmus, acid-base reaction (accepts H+ ions)

3
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Alkene > diol

(reactant, product, observation)

MnO4- - purple > MnO2 - brown

OR

MnO4- / H+ - purple > Mn2+ - colourless

4
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Primary alcohol > carboxylic acid

(reactant, product, observation)

MnO4- / H+ / heat - purple > Mn2+ - colourless

OR

Cr2O72- / H+ / heat - orange > Cr3+ - green

5
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Carboxylic acid > salt

(reactant, product, observation)

Na2CO3 (or any carbonate) > (H2O) + bubbles of CO2

6
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Solubility test

2 layers = insoluble

1 layer = soluble

7
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Soluble in H2O?

Soluble:

3 or less carbons for:

  • alcohols

  • carboxylic acids

  • amines

  • (some haloalkanes - they’ll tell you)

Insoluble:

  • 4+ carbons for any functional group

  • any alkane, alkene, alkyne

8
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Melting/boiling point

  • increasing length of molecule = strength of intermolecular forces increases

  • so at room temperature a shorter carbon chain (eg. methane) will be a gas and a longer carbon chain (eg. hexane) will be a liquid