Evolution - Science Term 4

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25 Terms

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Variation

Differences in traits between individuals of the same species necessary for evolution.

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Acquired traits

Traits gained during an individual's lifetime.

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Genetic traits

Traits passed down by genes from one generation to the next.

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Mutation

Small changes in the DNA sequences that can create new alleles.

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Phenotype

The physical appearance of an individual, influenced by genetic traits.

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Adaptations

Mutations that lead to variations aiding an organism's survival.

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Biological evolution

Change in the genetic traits of populations over generations.

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Population

A group of individuals of a single species living in a specific area.

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Gene Flow

Migration of individuals from one population to another, introducing new phenotypes.

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Genetic Drift

Random changes in populations due to chance events.

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Natural Selection

Process where individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce.

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Biodiversity

The variety of life on Earth, including species and genetic diversity.

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Extinction

The death of all members of a species.

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Mass extinctions

Catastrophic events leading to the extinction of many species.

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Transitional Fossils

Fossils that show intermediate traits between ancestral and descendant species.

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Relative Dating

Determining the order of age of fossils without finding their precise age.

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Absolute Dating

Providing a precise estimate of a fossil's age using radioisotopes.

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Analogous Structures

Structures serving the same function in different organisms but not inherited from a common ancestor.

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Homologous Structures

Structures that are similar due to inheritance from a common ancestor, despite having different functions.

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Vestigial Structures

Structures that no longer perform a function but remain in a species.

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Comparative Embryology

Study of similarities in the developing embryos of different species suggestive of a common ancestor.

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Biogeography

The study of the geographical distribution of organisms that explains the formation of new species due to continental drift.

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Molecular Biology

Comparing DNA and protein similarities to determine relatedness among species.

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Artificial Selection

Humans selecting individuals with desirable traits for breeding, affecting genetic diversity.

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Speciation

The process by which new species are formed from an original ancestral species.