Unit 4.5: Progressive

Jacob Riis

A NYC newspaper reporter. In 1888 as a crime reporter for the New York Evening Sun, he took photos of night life in the slums and revealed the terrible living conditions there. He wrote the book How The Other Half Lives.

John Muir

Naturalist who helped establish Yosemite National Park. He is called the father of the national parks for his activism.

National Park Service

manages all the federal national parks preserving the land as well as protect them, making them available for the public use. U.S. Forest Service is designed to manage forests.

Settlement House

A community center that provided social services to the urban poor. They gave classes in child care, taught English to immigrants, ran nursery schools, and kindergarteners.

Jane Addams

A leading figure in the settlement house movement; she opened the Hull House in Chicago. Her settlement house idea eventually spread across the nation.

Washington Gladden

Social Gospel

Reform movement that engaged in the late 1800s that sought to improve society by applying Christian principles

Progressive

Movement that responded to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms

Direct Primary

A reform in elections that enabled all members of a political party instead of political machines, to choose the people who would represent their party in the general election

Secret Ballot

Reformed voting method in which a voters choices in an election are anonymous, preventing attempts to influence the voter by intimidation and potential voter bullying

Muckraker

A writer who dramatized the need for reform through sensational investigative reports that uncover a variety of ills affecting America

Upton Sinclair

American muckraker writer and journalist who wrote “The Jungle” after investigating the conditions in the meat packing plants in Chicago

Meat Inspection Act

Meat is processed in sanitary conditions and that which is branded for human consumption is not allowed

Pure Food and Drug Act

Preventing the manufacture, sale, or transport of misbranded or poisonous foods and drugs

16th Amendment

This amendment made a federal income tax, the largest source of federal income

17th Amendment

Created the direct election of U.S. senators

Initiative

Gave citizens the power to propose a law and, with enough signatures on a petition, to have that law appear on the ballot for voters to decide in the next election.

Referendum

Gave citizens the power to vote whether to approve or reject a law written by a legislature, after getting enough signatures on a petition

Recall

Gave citizens the power to approve or reject an elected official, after getting enough signatures on a petition

Political Machine

A political party/organization that decides who is in the election and recruits voter loyalty with tangible incentives in exchange for their support

Monetary Policy

Federal Reserve Act

This law created the federal reserve banking system, which controlled the money supply regulated banks to make them be more responsible with the people’s money. It brought stability and order to the financial system