SELU CMPS 161 Test 2 (Ch. 3-5)

boolean data type

A primitive data type for Boolean values (true or false).

Boolean expression

An expression that evaluates to a Boolean value.

Boolean value

True or false.

conditional operator

The symbols ? and : appear together in a conditional operator: booleanExpression ? expression1 : expression2.

dangling else ambiguity

Describes a common mistake where an else clause is mismatch to an if clause.

debugging

Is to find errors in a program.

fall-through behavior

In a switch statement, once a case is matched, the statements starting from the matched case are executed until a break statement or the end of the switch statement is reached. This phenomenon is referred to as the fall-through behavior.

flowchart

Is a diagram that describes an algorithm or process, showing the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting these with arrows.

lazy operator

Same as short-circuit operator.

operator associativity

Defines the order in which operators will be evaluated in an expression if the operators have the same precedence order.

operator precedence

Defines the order in which operators will be evaluated in an expression.

selection statement

A statement that uses if or switch statement to control the execution of the program.

short-circuit operator

Operators such as && and || that perform short-circuit evaluation.

char type

A primitive data type that represents a Unicode character.

encoding

Representing a character using a binary code.

escape character

The backslash \ is called an escape character.

escape sequence

A special notation, consisting of a backslash (\) followed by a character or a combination of digits.

format specifier

A format specifier specifies how an item should be displayed. An item may be a numeric value, a character, a Boolean value, or a string.

instance method

A method that must be invoked from a specific object.

static method

A method invoked from a class name.

supplementary Unicode

The original Unicode is 16-bit. Those characters that go beyond the original 16-bit limit are called supplementary characters.

Unicode

A code system for international characters managed by the Unicode Consortium. Java supports Unicode.

whitespace character

The characters ' ', \t, \f, \r, or \n are known as whitespace characters.

break statement

Break out of the current loop.

continue statement

Break out of the current iteration.

do-while loop

A loop construct that begins with the keyword do.

for loop

A loop construct that begins with the keyword for.

infinite loop

A loop that runs indefinitely due to a bug in the loop.

input redirection

Obtain the input from a file instead of from the console.

iteration

One time execution of the loop body.

loop

A structure that controls repeated executions of a block of statements.

loop body

The part of the loop that contains the statements to be repeated.

nested loop

Consists of an outer loop and one or more inner loops. Each time the outer loop is repeated, the inner loops are reentered, and all required iterations are performed.

off-by-one error

A common error in the loop because the loop is executed one more or one less time than it should have been.

output redirection

Write the output to a file instead of to the console.

posttest loop

The loop continuation condition is checked after the loop body is executed.

pretest loop

The loop continuation condition is checked before the loop body is executed.

sentinel value

A special input value that signifies the end of the input.

while loop

A loop construct that begins with the keyword while.