APES - Notes 2A

What are the main 3 levels of biodiversity

Genetic, Species, Habitat 

Biodiversity

Having differences across living organisms

Population Bottleneck

Population Declines To Extreme —> Genetic variation of surviving population is lower, even after reproduction

Anthropogenic

Man-Made

Habitat Diversity

Number of niches available within an ecosystem for living things to occupy

What are the levels of biodiversity?

Habitat Diversity —> Species Diversity —> Genetic Diversity

Generalists

species that can handle a wide variety of habitats and situations

Specialists

Species that can only handle a limited range of habitats and situations

What is lost first: generalists or specialists

Specialists

Species Richness

Number of Species

What’s an example of species richness?

Number of trees 

Evenness 

How equal the distribution of individuals among different species

What’s an example of species evenness

Number of birch VS Number of oak

Intrinsic Value

Ecosystems have their own value separate from human needs

Instrumental Value

Has worth in terms of goods and services

Provisioning

Nature Helps Humans

What are examples of provisioning?

Wood, Food, Lumber

Regulating Services

Keep Nature Managed

What are examples of regulation?

Carbon Fixation (Remove C from atmosphere), Nutrient & Water Cycles

Support Systems

Systems that DIRECTLY support human needs

Examples of support systems

Pollinations, ecosystem water filtration

Cultural Services

Provide Aesthetic Value or Economic Value 

Island Biogeography

Larger & Closer = Better

Adaptive Radiation

Single Species Rapidly Evolving Into Many Species to Save Resources

Island Bred _____ Due To Limited Space, Resources, Etc

Specialists

How can we apply the theory of island biogeography?

Focus: Protect larger and closer “islands” to mainland’s.

Island Biogeography Graph Model Intersection Point

Number of Species on An Island