Circulatory System Project Study

What are the 4 main parts of the circulatory system?

Heart

Blood

Veins

Arteries

What is the circulatory made up of?

A system of blood vessels that carry blood to and from the heart.

Arteries

Elastic tubes that carry deoxygenated blood from the heart in pulsating waves

Veins

Carry oxygenated blood to the heart

What does the circulatory system carry?

Oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells, and removes waste products

Inferior vena cava

Largest vein in the body that carries de-oxygenated blood from lower part of body to the right atrium of the heart. This blood carries carbon dioxide

Superior Vena cava

Above the heart and carries de-oxygenated blood from the head and arms to the right atrium of the heart

Tricuspid valve

Has flaps to prevent back flow when blood flows from the right atrium which then goes from there to the right ventricle and then to the lungs going to the pulmonary valve and the pulmonary artery

Right ventricle

Receives from the tricuspid valve and goes to the lungs through the pulmonary valve and pulmonary artery

Blood exchange

Gives carbon dioxide for oxygen using simple diffusion

What happens with the newly oxygenated blood?

It flows back to the left atrium of the heart using the pulmonary veins.

How does oxygenated blood leave the left atrium?

Using the bicuspid valve the oxygenated blood leaves and goes into the left ventricle and is pumped into the aortic valve to the aorta from there.

Aorta

The largest artery in the body, the ascending part of it leaves the heart and curves in a “u” shape that makes an arch and descends downward.

3 branches of the aorta

Brachiocephalic artery

Left common carotid artery

Left subclavian artery

Brachiocephalic artery(innominate artery)

Quickly divides into the right subclavian artery that supplies blood to the right arm and upper torso and the right common carotid artery that supplies the head and neck

Left common carotid artery

Supplies blood to the head and neck

Left subclavian artery

Supplies the left arm and upper torso with blood

What does subclavian mean?

Located below the clavicle(collarbone)

Left iliac artery

Supplies blood to the left pelvis and leg

Right iliac artery

Supplies blood to the right pelvis and leg

Iliac artery

Continues down into the leg as the femoral artery and branches into other arteries.

Pulse pressure

Blood exerts pressure against the walls of the arteries when it passes through.

Peak pressure

Occurs during the heart’s contraction and is called systolic pressure

Minimum pressure

Occurs between contractions when the heart expands and refills, called diastolic pressure

How is pulse created?

The pressure variation between the systolic and diastolic pressure within the artery.

Pulse sites

Temporal

Carotid

Brachial

Apical

Radial

Femoral

Popliteal

Dorsalis Pedis

Systolic pressure normal range

100-140 mmHg

Diastolic pressure normal range

60-90 mmHg

What is high blood pressure a sign of?

That the heart and blood vessels are being overworked, and this can lead to atherosclerosis. and congestive heart failure

How arteries branch?

They go into smaller vessels called arterioles and then to even smaller ones called capillaries

Arterioles

smaller vessels of arteries that act like adjustable nozzles in the circulatory systems so they have the greatest influence over blood pressure

Capillaries

The smallest of the body vessels with very thin walls that molecules can pass through. They branch from arterioles and go through all cellular tissue. These provide means of exchange through absorption.

What do capillaries passing by the liver pick up?

Nutrients and water

What do capillaries in the cellular tissue exchange and pick up?

Exchange: Oxygen, nutrients, and water

Pick up: carbon dioxide and other wastes

What do capillaries branching away from the arteries in the lung absorb?

Oxygen

Venules

Merged capillaries that one carried carbon dioxide and cell wastes. These widen further to empty into veins

What vessels are used to remove blood from the body for analysis?

Veins

Venipuncture

A procedure to remove blood from the body for analysis performed by a phlebotomist.

Location of left atria

Upper chamber to your right

Location of left ventricle

Lower chamber to your right

Location of right atria

Upper chamber to your left

Location of right ventricle

Lower chamber to your left

Location of coronary artery

the groove on the front of the heart

Location of pulmonary artery

Inside the right ventricle

Location of aorta

Located near the right atria and just behind the pulmonary arteries to the lungs

Location of

Location of Inferior and Superior Vena Cava

Both of these two blood vessels are located on your left of the heart and connect to the right atrium (upper chamber on your left)