What are the 4 main parts of the circulatory system?
Heart
Blood
Veins
Arteries
What is the circulatory made up of?
A system of blood vessels that carry blood to and from the heart.
Arteries
Elastic tubes that carry deoxygenated blood from the heart in pulsating waves
Veins
Carry oxygenated blood to the heart
What does the circulatory system carry?
Oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells, and removes waste products
Inferior vena cava
Largest vein in the body that carries de-oxygenated blood from lower part of body to the right atrium of the heart. This blood carries carbon dioxide
Superior Vena cava
Above the heart and carries de-oxygenated blood from the head and arms to the right atrium of the heart
Tricuspid valve
Has flaps to prevent back flow when blood flows from the right atrium which then goes from there to the right ventricle and then to the lungs going to the pulmonary valve and the pulmonary artery
Right ventricle
Receives from the tricuspid valve and goes to the lungs through the pulmonary valve and pulmonary artery
Blood exchange
Gives carbon dioxide for oxygen using simple diffusion
What happens with the newly oxygenated blood?
It flows back to the left atrium of the heart using the pulmonary veins.
How does oxygenated blood leave the left atrium?
Using the bicuspid valve the oxygenated blood leaves and goes into the left ventricle and is pumped into the aortic valve to the aorta from there.
Aorta
The largest artery in the body, the ascending part of it leaves the heart and curves in a “u” shape that makes an arch and descends downward.
3 branches of the aorta
Brachiocephalic artery
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery
Brachiocephalic artery(innominate artery)
Quickly divides into the right subclavian artery that supplies blood to the right arm and upper torso and the right common carotid artery that supplies the head and neck
Left common carotid artery
Supplies blood to the head and neck
Left subclavian artery
Supplies the left arm and upper torso with blood
What does subclavian mean?
Located below the clavicle(collarbone)
Left iliac artery
Supplies blood to the left pelvis and leg
Right iliac artery
Supplies blood to the right pelvis and leg
Iliac artery
Continues down into the leg as the femoral artery and branches into other arteries.
Pulse pressure
Blood exerts pressure against the walls of the arteries when it passes through.
Peak pressure
Occurs during the heart’s contraction and is called systolic pressure
Minimum pressure
Occurs between contractions when the heart expands and refills, called diastolic pressure
How is pulse created?
The pressure variation between the systolic and diastolic pressure within the artery.
Pulse sites
Temporal
Carotid
Brachial
Apical
Radial
Femoral
Popliteal
Dorsalis Pedis
Systolic pressure normal range
100-140 mmHg
Diastolic pressure normal range
60-90 mmHg
What is high blood pressure a sign of?
That the heart and blood vessels are being overworked, and this can lead to atherosclerosis. and congestive heart failure
How arteries branch?
They go into smaller vessels called arterioles and then to even smaller ones called capillaries
Arterioles
smaller vessels of arteries that act like adjustable nozzles in the circulatory systems so they have the greatest influence over blood pressure
Capillaries
The smallest of the body vessels with very thin walls that molecules can pass through. They branch from arterioles and go through all cellular tissue. These provide means of exchange through absorption.
What do capillaries passing by the liver pick up?
Nutrients and water
What do capillaries in the cellular tissue exchange and pick up?
Exchange: Oxygen, nutrients, and water
Pick up: carbon dioxide and other wastes
What do capillaries branching away from the arteries in the lung absorb?
Oxygen
Venules
Merged capillaries that one carried carbon dioxide and cell wastes. These widen further to empty into veins
What vessels are used to remove blood from the body for analysis?
Veins
Venipuncture
A procedure to remove blood from the body for analysis performed by a phlebotomist.
Location of left atria
Upper chamber to your right
Location of left ventricle
Lower chamber to your right
Location of right atria
Upper chamber to your left
Location of right ventricle
Lower chamber to your left
Location of coronary artery
the groove on the front of the heart
Location of pulmonary artery
Inside the right ventricle
Location of aorta
Located near the right atria and just behind the pulmonary arteries to the lungs
Location of
Location of Inferior and Superior Vena Cava
Both of these two blood vessels are located on your left of the heart and connect to the right atrium (upper chamber on your left)