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Histones
Proteins that help DNA coil and package into chromosomes for efficient genetic storage
Centromeres
Provide attachment points for spindle fibres during cell division
Mitosis
Produce new identical diploid cells to the parent cell.
Meiosis
Ensures genetic variety, by involving two rounds of divisions and genetic recombination, producing four haploid cells
S Phase
Responsible for DNA replication
G0 Phase
Cells in resting state, exits cell cycle and does not divide
G2 Checkpoint
Ensures DNA replication has occured correctly before mitosis
Trisomy 21
Down Syndrome, extra copy of chromosome 21. Characteristic physical traits and developmental delays
Klinefelter Syndrome
XXY chromosome, results in speech and language delays, infertility
Cancer in cell cycle
Checkpoint failure, unrestricted cell division, tumor formation