UNLV - KIN 223 - Chapter 9 - Homework, Assessment, and Lab Q&As

CHAPTER 9 HOMEWORK

When kicking a ball forward, the knee is

Extended

Which is not a type of synovial joint?

Suture

A meniscus could be found in which joint?

Knee

Select all the knee ligaments that are deep tot he articular capsule and prevent anterior and posterior movement of the femur on the tibia

Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

The multiaxial joint in which the spherical end of one bone fits into the cuplike socket of the other bone is called a ________ joint.

Ball-and-socket

Select all the components of the hip joint that contribute to its stability

-Deep acetabular socket

-Acetabular labrum

-Strong articular capsule

-Reinforcing muscles and ligaments

The glenohumeral and hip joints are both ball-and-socket. Which feature of the hip joint makes it more stable than the glenohumeral joint?

Deeper joint socket

Which action describes turning the sole of the foot medially, as in checking the bottom of a shoe for gum?

Inversion

Select all that are examples of angular motion across a joint.

-Flexion

-Adduction

Synovial fluid is found

Within the synovial cavity

The joint capsule has an inner layer called the

Synovial membrane.

Determine which scenario below will result in a mechanical advantage (MA) of less than 1.0, which means the lever provides speed rather than strength.

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CHAPTER 9 ASSESSMENT

An articular capsule is present in

Synovial joints

In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by

Dense regular connective tissue

Sutures are joints that are found

Between certain bones of the skull

Functionally, a gomphosis is categorized as a

Synarthrosis

What type of cartilage is located between bones in a symphysis?

Fibrocartilage

The metatarsophalangeal joint allow movement in two planes and are classified as _______ joints.

Condylar

Which joint is multiaxial?

Ball and socket

Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) _______ joint.

Uniaxial

In general, the movements demonstrated at plane joints between the carpals are

Gliding movements

Which does not correctly pair a movement with its opposing movement?

Elevation - Retraction

A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) _______ motion.

Angular

The coracoclavicular ligament is a _______ ligament that connects the clavicle to part of the _______.

Strong; scapula

When protracting the jaw or making small side-to-side movements during chewing, the temporomandiubular joint makes _______ movements.

Gliding

The fibrocartilage rim that deepens the hip socket is the

Acetabular labrum

Which is not a correct pairing of a joint with its common name?

Glenohumeral joint - Elbow

The elbow is a _______ joint.

Hinge

In addition to its hinge function, when the knee is _______ it allows for some slight _______.

Flexed; rotation

Common, wear-and-tear arthritis, in which repeated use of a joint gradually wears down the articular cartilage, is known as

Osteoarthritis

The fixed point around which a lever rotates is the

Fulcrum

When considering joints in the human body, the most common lever type is the

Third-class lever

CHAPTER 9 LAB ACTIVITY

1. The term arthritis does not imply a specific disease. It actually describes

2. Signs and symptoms of arthritis do not include

3. Causes of arthritis include

1. Inflammation of one or more joints

2. A joint that is cold tot he touch relative to other parts of the body

3. All of these are correct

-Autoimmune attack

-Infectious agents

-Crystal formation in the joint fluid

-Wear and tear age-related changes of the cartilage

1. Some of the age-related changes in the articular cartilage that contribute to osteoarthritis include

2. True or false: Surgical replacement of the damaged joint is the only treatment for osteoarthritis

3. Rheumatoid arthritis is a multisystem, autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the connective tissue of the body and therefore differs from osteoarthritis. The organs other than the joints affected in rheumatoid arthritis include

1. All of these are correct

-Little cracks in the cartilage allow synovial fluid to enter and damage the local bone

-Reduced numbers of chondrocytes in the cartilage

-Chondrocyte manufactured matrix becomes less resillient

2. False

3. All of these are correct

-Blood vessels

-Skin

-Lungs

-Portions of the eye

-Heart

Identify which type of movement is occurring in each figure.

Left, top to bottom:

Dorsiflexion

Plantar flexion

Right, top to bottom:

Eversion

Inversion

Label the structures of the knee joint. Note that the top figure is the anterior deep view, and the bottom figure is the posterior deep view.

Left, top to bottom:

Lateral meniscus

Tibial collateral ligament

Medial meniscus

Right, top to bottom:

Anterior cruciate ligament

Fibular collateral ligament

Posterior cruciate ligament

Classify the following images into the types of synovial joints they represent.

Saddle Joint: Green

Pivot Joint: Purple

Ball-and-Socket Joint: Red

Hinge Joint: Light Blue

Plane Joint: Yellow

Condylar Joint: Dark Blue

Fill in the blanks with the terms provided. Not all terms will be used.

A joint, or articulation, is the place of contact between bones, between bone and cartilage, or between bones and teeth. Bones are said to articulate with each other at a joint. The scientific study of joints is called arthrology.

Label the figure with the items provided. Labels may be used more than once.

Red Square/Arrow: Resistance

Gray Triangle: Fulcrum

Blue Arrow: Effort

Which is not a part of all synovial joints?

Labrum

Which part of a synovial joint may be reinforced by ligaments and tendons?

Articular capsule

All synovial joints allow movement in multiple planes

False

CHAPTER 9 ARTICULATIONS

Label the components of a typical synovial joint.

Left: Ligament

Right, top to bottom:

Articular cartilage

Joint cavity

Synovial membrane

Indicate whether each motion is abduction of adduction.

Top: Abduction

Bottom: Adduction

Which of the following commonly occur at the joints in elderly individuals? Check all that are correct.

-Osteoarthritis

-Articular cartilage begins to break down in weight-bearing joints

Select all the joints associated with shoulder movement.

-Sternoclavicular

-Acromioclavicular

-Glenohumeral

Select all that are components of the hip joint.

-Head of the femur

-Acetabulum

-Acetabular labrum

Select all the articulations that make up the knee joint.

-Tibiofemoral

-Patellofemoral

Match each lever class with the location of its effort, resistance, and fulcrum.

First-Class Lever: Fulcrum is between the resistance and effort

Second-Class Lever: Effort is between the fulcrum and the resistance

Third-Class Lever: Resistance is between the fulcrum and effort

The type of fibrous joint that are immobile and found only between certain bones of the skull are called _______.

Sutures

A lever is a rigid object that rotates around a fixed point called the __________.

Fulcrum

The talocrural joint is also known as the _______ joint.

Ankle