10.2 excessive fibronlysis + clinical manifestation +

fibrinolysis

process where clots are broken down by enzymes like plasmin

fibrinolysis is normally a controlled process that occurs after vessels have healed

excessive fibrinolysis can lead to premature clot breakdown resulting in rebleeding

tissue plasminogen activator tPa is a finrinolytic drug

this drug converts plasminogen → plasmin breaking down fibrin clots

its used to treat strokes and mycardial infacctions

but can cause severe bleeding complications if not used within a narrow theraputic window

pathological fibrinolysis

conditions like Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) involve widespread activation of clotting and fibrinolysis, leading to both clot formation and excessive bleeding simultaneously.

External Bleeding is easier to detect,

but the severity can vary depending on the location (e.g., scalp wounds can bleed profusely)

and the depth of the injury.

internal bleeding

Can be more dangerous because it is harder to detect.

signs of internal bleeding

shock

bruising

organ dysfunction

Shock:

Tachycardia (fast heart rate), hypotension (low blood pressure), cold clammy skin, and confusion.

Bruising:

Large areas of discolouration (ecchymosis) or swelling in tissues.

Organ Dysfunction:

In cases of massive haemorrhage, vital organs like the brain, heart, and kidneys can be deprived of blood, leading to  life-threatening complications

The pharmacological treatment of haemorrhage focuses on:

• Stopping the bleeding.

• Stabilising haemodynamic.

• Reversing anticoagulation if necessary.

• Restoring blood volume and clotting function.