ap human unit 6 vocab flashcards

barriadas

poor, informal settlements on the outskirts of Latin American cities

bid-rent theory

theory that refers to how the price and demand for real estate change as the distance from the CBD increases

blockbusting

when real estate agents scare white homeowners into selling home cheaply by saying that racial or ethnic minorities are moving in

CBD (central business district)

the commercial and business center of a city

census tract

a small, local area used by the government for gathering and analyzing population data in a city or region

central-place theory

explains how cities and towns are arranged to provide services to surrounding areas

christaller, walter

a german geographer that created the central-place theory

colonial city

a city built or shaped by a colonizing country

commuter zone

an outer area of a city where people live in suburbs or small towns and commute to the city center for work each day

concentric zone model

model that shows how a city grows in rings around the CBD, with different zones for different activities

counterurbanization

when people leave big cities to live in smaller towns or rural areas for a quieter lifestyle or low cost of living

edge city

a new city-like area with business, shopping, and jobs outside the traditional downtown

favela

a poor, crowded neighborhood with informal housing in brazil

gateway city

a city that connects two areas and acts as a point of entry for people, goods, or ideas

gentrification

the process of wealthier people moving into lower-income neighborhoods

ghetto

part of a city where minority groups live, often due to social, economic, or legal pressures

high-tech corridors

areas with concentration of high-tech businesses and industries

hinterland

the area surrounding a city or port that’s economically connected to it

in-filling

the process of building on previously unused land within an existing urban area

invasion and succession

when a new group of people move into an area and slowly replaces the group that was living there before

lateral commuting

when people travel sideways (not to the city center) from 1 suburb to another

megalopolis (conurbation)

a bunch of cities that have grown so close they connect into 1 large urban area

metropolitan statistical area

a city surrounding suburbs that are connected by jobs, housing, and daily life

multiple nuclei model

model where a city develops several centers of activity, rather than 1 CBD

peak land value intersection

the location in a city where land value is highest

primate city

the largest city in a country that is more than twice the size of the 2nd largest city

rank-size rule

the distribution of a country’s cities based on proportional population

range

the maximum distance a person will travel for goods and services to be bought

redlining

a discriminatory practice where banks refuse loans or limit them in certain areas because of race, ethnicity, or income

restrictive covenants

legal restrictions on land use that limit who can use or buy land

sector model

suggests that a city grows in wedges or sectors out from the center, based on transportation and income

slum

a crowded, run-down urban area with poor housing and little access to services

squatter settlement

a place where people build homes illegally on land they don’t own

suburb

a residential area outside the city with lower population density than the city

threshold

the minimum number of people needed to support a service or business

underclass

a group of society stuck in poverty and often left of economic progress and opportunity

urban hearth area

the place where cities first began and spread from

urban heat island

cities that are hotter than nearby rural areas because of buildings, roads, and less trees

zoning

rules r that say what kind of buildings can go in certain areas