3: Heating Systems

Conduction

heat traveling through a solid material. On hot days, heat is conducted into the building through the roof, walls, and windows.

heat conduction

Heat-reflecting roofs, insulation, and energy efficient windows will help to reduce?

Radiation

eat travelling in the form of visible and non-visible light

Sunlight

a source of heat for all types of buildings

low- wavelength, non-visible infrared radiation

can carry heat directly from warm objects to cooler objects

Convection

another means for the heat from walls and ceiling to reach any body with the enclosed space or room. Hot air naturally rises, carrying heat away from the walls and causing it to circulate throughout the interior side of the structure.

Heating

The process and system of raising the temperature of an enclosed space for the primary purpose of ensuring the comfort of the occupants.

heating

By regulating the ambient temperature, ——— also serves to maintain a building's structural, mechanical and electrical systems.

ancient Greece

Central heating was invented in?

Romans

who developed further- conducting air heated by furnaces through empty spaces under the floors and out of pipes in the walls

hypocaust system

air heated by furnaces through empty spaces under the floors and out of pipes in the walls known as the?

direct-heating methods

Except for the ancient Greeks and Romans, most cultures relied upon?

Wood

was the earliest fuel used

charcoal

was used because it produced much less smoke

flue or chimney

appeared in Europe by the 13th Century and effectively eliminated the fire's smoke and fumes within the enclosed area.

heating system

replaces heat that is lost through the shell of the structure

British thermal units or Btu

Heat is measured in?

appliance

(fuel may be burned) to generate heat

pipes or ducts

medium (——-) for transferring heat

emitting apparatus

(releasing the heat) by convection or radiation or both

Heating plant

where fuel is converted into useful heat

Distribution system

deliver heat to where it is needed

Controls

to regulate when and how the system runs and when it turns off

Location

Factors that determine the requirement of heating system

air temperature and the effects of solar radiation, including relative humidity

Use and size of the structure

Factors that determine the requirement of heating system

consideration on the type and amount of anticipated physical activity based on the room requirement

structure's energy efficiency

Factors that determine the requirement of heating system

improving insulation, sealing air leaks, and repairing

Energy efficiency of the heating system

Factors that determine the requirement of heating system

accurate to the requirement of the structure

Central Heating System

generate heat by transforming chemical energy in fuel into thermal energy and transferring that energy to air, water, or steam, which then gets delivered throughout the building.

Central Heating System

Provides warmth to the whole interior of a building from one point to multiple rooms.

Furnaces

works by blowing heated air through ducts that deliver the warm air to room throughout the structure via air registers or grills

Furnaces

This type of heating system is called a ducted warm-air or forced warm-air distribution system. It can be powered by electricity, natural gas, or fuel oil.

ducted warm-air or forced warm-air distribution system

It can be powered by electricity, natural gas, or fuel oil.

Conventional Gas Furnace

consists of a furnace with naturally aspirating gas burner. The combustion passes through the furnace where they pass heat across a heat exchanger and are exhausted to the outside through a flue pipe and vent.

Boilers

special purpose water heaters

Boiler systems

distribute the heat in hot water, which gives up heat as it passes through radiators or other devices in rooms throughout the structure.

hot water or steam

Boilers heat water, and provide either ——- or ———for heating

Steam, hot water

— is distributed via pipes to steam radiators, and ——— can be distributed via baseboard radiators or radiant floor systems or can heat air via coil.

Heat Pumps

two-way air conditioners

heat pump

During summer, air conditioner work by moving heat from the relatively cool indoors to the relatively ward outside. In winter, the ——- reverses its function, scavenging heat from the cold outdoors with the help of an electrical system and discharging the heat inside the structure.

Direct Heat

the process when heat is generated directly within a material passing electric current through it, or by causing controlled exothermic reactions, or by exciting atoms or molecules inside the material by electromagnetic radiation.

Direct heating equipment

refers to gas wall heaters, floor heaters and room heaters. Unlike gas furnaces, these products do not use ducts to move air throughout a structure, but rather provide heat directly to the area where they are installed

Gas-Fired Space Heaters

includes wall- mounted, free standing, and floor furnaces, all characterized by their lack of ductwork and relatively small heat output

Gas-Fired Space Heaters

Because this system lacks ducts, this is recommended for warming a single room

portable gas-fired heater

a type of device that burns canister gases, such as a propane-butane mixture, to generate a large amount of heat energy efficiently and effectively

Gas-Fired Space Heaters

portable gas-fired heater

Electric Space Heaters

Portable electric heaters include "oil-filled" and "quartz-infrared" heaters that converts electric current from the wall socket directly into heat

Electric Space Heaters

designed to focus heat in a single room or small zone. This works by expelling hot air through a fan, which naturally rises and forces colder air to the floor. This process helps to circulate heat and warm the space effectively

Fireplaces

can be electric powered or wood-burning.

electric powered fireplace

one of the most efficient ways to heat rooms faster and more efficiently; this mimics a burning coal, wood or natural gas and are safe to use

Electric Space Heaters

Fireplaces

Radiant floor heat

generally refers to systems that circulate warm water in tubes under the floor. This warms the floor, which in turn warms the room.

Ductless, Mini-Split, Multi-Split

heat pumps which distribute energy through refrigerant lines instead of water or air

Combined heat and power or cogeneration

using small generator to meet electric demand and recover the waste heat to heat the structure and make domestic hot water