PHA 612: Chemical Safety and Laboratory Apparatus – VOCABULARY Flashcards

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering laboratory safety rules, common apparatus, and analytical techniques from the lecture notes.

Laboratory attire (PPE)

Personal protective equipment and clothing worn in the lab, including lab coats/gowns, gloves, mask, and goggles; long hair tied back; jewelry, shorts, contact lenses, false lashes, slippers, and heels discouraged or prohibited.

Fume hood

A ventilated enclosure used to handle volatile or hazardous fumes; open hood slightly when heating and close it when not in use.

Gas outlet precautions

Be familiar with gas outlet locations and turn off the gas when not in use to prevent leaks and hazards.

Safety shower/fire blanket

Emergency equipment used to decontaminate or extinguish fires on a person’s clothing.

Laboratory decorum

Rules governing behavior in the lab, including no eating/drinking, keeping lockers, bringing only necessary items, reading experiments, washing hands, reporting accidents, and supervision.

Unauthorized substitutions

Do not substitute experiments or reagents without explanation from the instructor.

Ventilation safety (gases/vapors)

Never smell gases or vapors directly and use proper ventilation such as the fume hood.

Burn safety rule (fire on clothing)

If clothes catch fire: drop and roll; use safety shower or fire blanket; do not move burning objects.

Fire extinguisher rule

Know proper use of the fire extinguisher and never attempt to extinguish a person with it.

Acid on skin

Rinse affected area with plenty of water; pat dry; follow first aid steps as instructed.

Eye accidents

Flush eyes immediately with a steady stream of water for at least 10 minutes.

Poisoning by swallowing

Dilute by drinking water and, if directed, neutralize acids as instructed; seek medical help.

Electric shock precautions

Remove source of electricity, use a dry towel to handle live wires, avoid wet towels, and seek medical help if needed.

Test Tube

Glassware with a rounded bottom used to contain small amounts of samples.

Test Tube Rack

Wooden rack that holds multiple test tubes upright.

Test Tube Holder

Clamp with a spring handle used to hold test tubes.

Test Tube Brush

Brush used to clean narrow-mouth lab glassware.

Hard Glass/Ignition Tube

Thick-walled glass tube used for heating small quantities directly.

Spatula (Porcelain vs. Stainless)

Flat transfer tools; porcelain for reactive chemicals, stainless for nonreactive chemicals.

Stirring Rod

Transparent glass rod used to guide or transfer liquids.

Dropper Pipet

A dropper used to draw and dispense small drops of liquid.

Thistle Tube

Glass tube with a thick top used to delay reactions between chemicals.

Volumetric Pipet

Pipette designed to deliver a precise volume; may have a volumetric bulb and is filled to a mark.

Serological Pipet

Graduated pipette used to transfer milliliter quantities (1 mL–50 mL) of liquid.

Aspirator

Rubber device that creates suction to draw liquids; attaches to the end of a pipet.

Mohr/Base Buret

Buret for titration; uses rubber tubing and delivers base solutions during titration.

Geissler/Acid Buret

Glass-stopcock buret used for titrating acid solutions.

Wash Bottle

Squeezable bottle that dispenses distilled water for rinsing.

Volumetric Flask

Flask with a flat bottom used to prepare solutions to an accurate final volume.

Beaker

Graduated container used for holding, mixing, and heating liquids; marked to a volume.

Graduated Cylinder

Measuring cylinder with markings for precise measurement of liquids.

Florence Flask

Flat-bottom glass flask used for uniform heating and distillation with easy swirling.

Round Bottom Flask

Glass flask with a round bottom used for distillation and heating.

Erlenmeyer (Conical) Flask

Cone-shaped flask with a flat bottom used to contain and mix chemicals with less spill risk.

Iodine Flask

Flask with ground joint and cup-shaped top used for handling iodine-related procedures.

Porcelain Casserole

Porcelain dish used for heating and evaporating liquids.

Hot Plate

Flat-surfaced device for controlled and even heating.

Crucible Tong

Porcelain tongs used to securely hold hot crucibles or containers.

Evaporating Dish

Small, spouted dish used to evaporate solvents from samples.

Thermometer

Glass thermometer with mercury or colored alcohol to measure temperature.

Distilling Flask

Round-bottom flask with side-arm condenser used to separate liquids by boiling points.

Glass Adapter

Connector that guides distillate to the receiving vessel.

Iron Ring

Metal ring used to support containers on a stand.

Iron Stand

Upright metal rod on a weighted base that provides support for glassware.

Buret Clamp

Clamp used to secure a buret on a stand during titration.

Clamp Holder

Device to secure laboratory clamps and glassware.

Buchner Funnel

Porcelain or ceramic funnel with a perforated plate used with vacuum filtration.

Filtering Flask (Büchner flask)

Thick-walled Erlenmeyer flask connected to a vacuum for rapid filtration.

Glass Funnel

Cone-shaped top funnel used to transfer liquids or fine solids.

Clay Triangle

Triangular wire frame with clay covering to support crucibles when heated.

Alcohol Lamp

Portable heat source burning alcohol.

Porcelain Crucible

Cup-like vessel used to heat substances to very high temperatures.

Tripod

Three-legged stand that holds equipment above a heat source.

Wing Top

Triangular piece that can adjust the flame shape for even heat distribution.

Rubber Tubing

Flexible tubing used to transport fluids and gases.

Pinchcock

Metal clamp used to regulate flow in a flexible tube.

Bunsen Burner

Gas-burning heating device commonly used in labs.

Wire Gauze

Wire mesh with ceramic center placed between a flame and the container to distribute heat.

Petri Dish

Shallow dish with a lid used to culture microorganisms and cells.

Spot Plate

Ceramic or plastic plate with small wells for small-scale tests.

Watch Glass

Concave circular glass used to cover beakers or hold small amounts for weighing.

Separatory Funnel

Glass funnel with a tap at the bottom used to separate immiscible liquids.

Desiccator

Seal-able glass enclosure used to store moisture-sensitive items; contains desiccant.

Desiccant

Drying agent (e.g., blue vitriol, silica gel, CuSO4) used inside desiccators to keep items dry.

Mortar

Porcelain vessel in which substances are ground or crushed.

Pestle

Porcelain tool used to crush or grind materials in a mortar.

Triangular File

Metal tool used to score and trim glass rods.

Cork Borer

Metal tool used to cut holes in corks or rubber stoppers.

pH Meter

Electronic device used to measure hydrogen-ion activity (pH) of a solution.

Analytical Balance

High-precision balance used for quantitative chemical analysis.

Weighing Bottle

Glass bottle used for precise weighing of solids.

Triple Beam Balance

Mechanical balance with three beams for weight measurement.

Analytical Chemistry

Branch of chemistry focused on identifying substances (qualitative) and measuring quantities (quantitative) through analytical techniques.

Qualitative Chemistry

Chemistry aimed at identifying substances and determining composition (ions and elements) rather than quantities.

Quantitative Chemistry

Chemistry focused on measuring the amount or concentration of substances in a sample.

Reaction

A process in which new chemical substances are formed.

Reagent

A chemical used to cause or facilitate a reaction.

Test

Procedure to determine the presence or absence of a substance or ion.

Confirmatory Test

Test used to definitively identify an ion by producing a characteristic result.

Test Solution

Solution containing the ion or substance to be tested.

TS Cations

Test solutions prepared from nitrate or chloride salts of cations (e.g., PbCl, AgCl).

TS Anions

Test solutions prepared from sodium or potassium salts of anions (e.g., Na2C2O4, K2C2O4).

Clear Solution

Solution that is not turbid; may be colored but lacks cloudiness.

Precipitate

Insoluble solid formed during a chemical reaction; may indicate reaction progress.

Centrifuge

A device that uses centrifugal force to separate components based on density.

Filtration

Process of separating solids from liquids using a porous medium.

Decantation

Pouring off a liquid carefully to separate it from a solid or denser liquid.

Washing of Precipitate

Rinsing the collected solid to remove soluble impurities before further analysis.

Flame Test

A qualitative analysis technique where a sample is introduced into a flame to observe color emission indicating elements.

Hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S)

Gas with rotten-egg odor produced in certain reactions; used to precipitate sulfide under controlled conditions.

Flame color significance

Color observed in a flame test helps identify specific metal ions based on characteristic emissions.