CLEP Humanities Exam

Original: https://quizlet.com/10700236/humanities-clep-test-flash-cards/

Greek Philosophers Before Socrates

Pre-Socrates

Pythagoras

6th Century B.C., a Greek philosopher and mathematician, founder of a religous movement called Pythagoreanism

Thales

"Father of Western Philosophy". Greek philosopher who taught that the universe had originated from water.

Parmenides

a pre-socratic Greek philosopher born in Italy. Denied the existence of time, plurality, and motion. NO Change. Founder of Metaphysics.

Heraclitus

a presocratic Greek philosopher who said that fire is the origin of all things and that permanence is an illusion as all things are in perpetual flux (All is change).

Zeno

ancient Greek philosopher who formulated paradoxes that defended the belief that motion and change are illusory (circa 495-430 BC)

Socrates

Greek philosopher; socratic method--questioning; sentenced to death for corrupting Athens youth. Believed writing distorted ideas. His ideas were recorded by his followers (Plato).

Atomism

The idea that matter is made out of atoms

Atomists

Leucippus and Democritus

Plato

one of Socrates' students; was considered by many to be the GREATEST philosopher of western civilization. Explained his ideas about government in a work entitled The Republic. In his ideal state, the people were divided into three different groups.

Aristotle

Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system, which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses, theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational inquiry.

pop art

an artistic movement that emerged in the early 1960s; pop artists took images from popular culture and transformed them into works of fine art

mosaics

patterns or pictures made by embedding small pieces of stone or glass in cement on surfaces such as walls and floors

sculpture

three dimensional work of art, statue

bust

a sculpture of the head and shoulders of a person

obelisk

tall, 4 sided pillar of stone that rises to a point

multi-media

using two or more types of media together to create an art object such as glitter or beads on a painting

louise nevelson

assembled architectural sculptures of "found" wooden objects and used them to construct screens of boxes of varied sizes which she painted in monochromatic colors.

constantin brancusi

(1876) 19th-20th c. Romanian sculptor known for highly simplified archetypical human and animal forms (The Kiss; Bird in Space)

cellini

goldsmith and sculptor, wrote one of the first autobiographies

barbara hepworth

British abstract sculptor

michelangelo

Italian Renaissance artist that painted the Sistine Chapel ceiling and sculpted the statue of David.

henry moore

abstract sculptor who used rounding techniques and very little detail

alexander calder

United States sculptor who first created mobiles and stabiles (1898-1976)

hagia sophia

Most famous example of Byzantine architecture, it was built under Justinian I and is considered one of the most perfect buildings in the world. Constructed of interlocking domes.

gothic age architecture

stained glass, pointed arches and ribbed vaulting

Andrea Palladio

architect who like a statue at every corner

Le Corbusier

French 20th century architect

Christopher Wren

architect refurbished St. Paul's Cathedral

Mies van der Rohe

United States architect (born in Germany) who built unornamented steel frame and glass skyscrapers (1886-1969)

Frank Lloyd Wright

Considered America's greatest architect. Pioneered the concept that a building should blend into and harmonize with its surroundings rather than following classical designs.

flying buttress

a brace or support placed on the outside of a building

fresco

paint onto wet plaster on a wall

tempura

a technique of painting using pigment mixed with egg yolk

gouche

Opaque watercolor

pieta

A painting, drawing, or sculpture of Mary, the Mother of Jesus, holding the dead body of Jesus. The word means "pity" in Italian.

renaissance

rebirth

mannerism

a style of art in the mid to late 16th century that permitted artists to express their own "manner" or feelings in contrast to the symmetry and simplicity of the art of the High Renaissance.

neo-classic period

refers to the classical revival in European art, architecture, and interior design that lasted from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century

french female pose

subject is lying down away from the artist and looking over her shoulder

dada school

school of nonsense and anti-art

Giotto

Frescoe painter, founded flourentine school, realisitc poses

Donatello

Italian sculptor renowned as a pioneer of the Renaissance style with his natural, lifelike figures, such as the bronze statue David.

Da Vinci

painter, sculpter, architect, engineer, musician; invented the court painter of the king of France; "Mona Lisa," "The Last Supper"(classical), "Vitruvian Man"(anatomy)

El Greco

Mannerism painter

Rembrandt

He used light and shadows to convey moods and emotions-Painted the Blinding of Samson

Peter Paul Rubens

Flemish Baroque painter who had assistants complete parts of his work

Vermeer

A Dutch painter who used a great deal of light. He enjoyed painting people doing everyday things.

Jean Fragonard

Painted "The Bathers"

Delacroix

Most important of the French Romantic painters; profoundly shaped the work of the Impressionists.

Monet

French impressionist painter

Renoir

French impressionist painter; nude female paintings

Degas

French Painter, Impressionism, did horses and ballet dancers

Seurat

French Painter, Post impressionism, pointellism (using several small dots of color to create a larger image)Sunday Afternoon on the island of La Grande Jatte

Aubrey Beardsley

Famous for black and white erotic paintings

Gilbert Stuart

United States painter best known for his portraits of George Washington

Picasso

A Spanish painter best known for co-founding the Cubist movement and for the wide variety of styles embodied in his work. "Guernica"

Remington

protrayed the west by painting cowhands and natives

Salvador Dali

Spanish surrealist painter

Joan Miro

Spanish surrealist painter

Andrew Wyeth

American realist painter, "Christina's World"

Persian Rugs

high quality rugs made by Persian Muslims, valued for their exquisite designs, vivid colors and skillful make. These rugs were in great demand from China to Europe, greatly improving the Abbasid's economy.

American Indian Rugs

Repititions of geometric lines

Brussels tapestries

Beuatiful with ornate borders

Bayeux tapestry

A tapestry that recounts the battle of hastings, A piece of linen about 1 Ft.8 in. Wide by 213 ft.long covered with embroidery representing the incidents of Willam the conqueror's expedition to England.

reliquary

a wooden box where religious relics are stored or displayed

Josiah Wedgewood

An English maker of pottery and china, he developed mass production of quality porcelain. Signature blue or pink with cameo inset.

chalice

decorative drinking cup or goblet

Beethoven & Wagner

Took inspiration from Schiller's "Ode to Joy"

Hector Berlioz

Composed "Symphonie Fantastique"

Johannes Brahms

German composer who developed the Romantic style of both lyrical and classical music

Chopin

French composer (born in Poland) and pianist of the romantic school. Known as the "poet of the piano"

Aaron Copeland

Wrote "Appalachian Spring"

Henry Dixon Cowell

20th Century American composer

Claude Debussy

Famous French impressionist composer

Stephen Foster

Made a valuable contribution to American folk music by capturing the plaintive spirit of the slaves. "Camptown Races"

Gilbert and Sullivan

British team writing light-hearted song/story format; Opereta

"Pirates of Penzance" and Mikado

Edvard Greig

Norwegian composer. "Peer Gynt"

Lionel Hampton

played the xylophone and marimba

Handel

a prolific German baroque composer remembered best for his oratorio Messiah (1685-1759)

Scott Joplin

known for ragtime music, piano player. Composed "The Entertainment"

Andre Previn

composer, conductor and pianist

Arnold Schoenberg

The creator of the twelve-tone system of atonal music.

Mozart and Richard Strauss

Both wrote music based on Don Juan

Stravinsky

Composed "Rite of Spring"

Tchaikovsky

Important Russian composer whose works are noted for their expressive melodies "1812 Overture" and "The Nutcracker"

Verdi and Puccini

wrote operas

New Orleans

Place known for the earliest documented Jazz

allegro

fast

andante

slow

presto

fast

minuetto

a dance

bel canto

beautiful Italian singing

Libretto

the text of the opera

madrigal

a capella singers

oratorio

a musical composition for voices and orchestra

sitar

a stringed guitar-like instrument from India

ballet

A theatrical representation of a story performed to music by ballet dancers. Originally based on court dance

Martha Graham

Famous ballet dancer, known as "the mother of dance"