Lesson 1 Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering

1. Stone Age

2. Bronze Age

3. Iron Age

4. Modern and Advanced Materials

Ages under the Historical Perspective of MSE

Materials Science

investigates relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materials

Materials Science

develop or synthesize new materials

Materials Engineering

design the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties

Materials Engineering

create new products or systems using existing materials

Materials Engineering

develop techniques for processing materials

1. Structure

2. Properties

3. Processing

4. Performance

5. Characterization

6. Scientist

7. Engineer

Components of a Materials Tetrahedron

1. Subatomic Level

2. Atomic Level

3. Microscopic Structure

4. Macroscopic Structure

Types of Structure

Subatomic Level

electronics structure of individual atoms that defines interaction among atoms (interatomic bonding)

Atomic Level

arrangement of atoms in materials

Graphite and Diamond

Two forms of carbon

Microscopic Structure

arragement of small grains of materials that can be identified by microscope

Macroscopic Structure

structural elements that may be viewed with the naked eye

1. Physical

2. Mechanical

3. Chemical

4. Thermal

5. Electrical

Types of Properties

Physical Properties

properties that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the material

1. Density

2. Thermal

3. Electrical

4. Dimensional

5. Optical

   • Refractive index

   • Absorption

   • Transmission

   • Reflection

   • Scattering

   • Color

6. Magnetism

7. Permeability

8. Porosity

Physical Properties

Mechanical Properties

properties that involve a reaction to an applied load

1. Hardness

2. Toughness

3. Elasticity

4. Plasticity

5. Ductility

6. Malleability

7. Brittleness

8. Tensile Strength

9. Compressive strength

10. Shear strength

11. Fatigue strength

12. Impact resistance

13. Creep

14. Stiffness

15. Resilience

Mechanical Properties

Chemical Properties

properties that are discovered by observing chemical reactions

1. Reactivity with acids

2. Reactivity with bases

3. Oxidation state

4. Corrosion resistance

5. Flammability

6. Toxicity

7. pH level

8. Heat of combustion

9. Electronegativity

10. Chemical stability

11. Radioactivity

12. Ability to tarnish

13. Enthalpy of formation

14. Solubility

15. Decomposition

Chemical Properties

Thermal Properties

properties of a materials that is related to its ability to conduct heat

1. Thermal conductivity

2. Specific heat capacity

3. Thermal expansion

4. Melting point

5. Boiling point

6. Thermal diffusivity

7. Heat of fusion

8. Heat of vaporization

9. Thermal emissivity

10. Glass transition temperature

11. Thermal shock resistance

Thermal Properties

Electrical Properties

properties of a materials that is related to its ability to conduct electricity

1. Electrical conductivity

2. Electrical resistivity

3. Dielectric constant

4. Dielectric strength

5. Permittivity

6. Electrical permeability

7. Power factor

8. Insulation resistance

9. Hall effect

10. Superconductivity

Electrical Properties

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors

Size Effect Factors

1. Geometry size

2. Surface morphology

3. Local feature size

4. Aspect ratio of parts

Extrinsic Factors

1. Grain size

2. Size/distance of precipitates

3. Material density

4. Dislocation means free path

Intrinsic Factors

1. Metals Processing

2. Composites Processing

3. Ceramics Processing

4. Polymers Processing

Types of Processing

1. Toughness

2. Response rate

3. Dissipation

4. Strength

5. Flexibility

Performance

1. Metals and Alloys

2. Composites

3. Ceramics

4. Polymers

Classification of Materials

1. Steel

2. Bronze

3. Brass

4. Aluminum

5. Nichrome

6. Titanium

7. Berrylim-copper

8. Nickel

9. Copper-Nickel

10. Niobium

Examples of Metals and Alloys

1. Polymer Matrix Composites (PMC)

2. Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs)

3. Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs)

4. Particle Composite

5. Continuous Fibre Composite

6. Short Fibre Composite

Examples of Composites

Natural and Synthetic Polymers

Types of Polymers

Natural Polymers

polymers made by natural living organisms

1. DNA

2. Rubber

3. Cellulose

4. Wool

Examples of Natural Polymers

Synthetic Polymers

made by chemical reactions in a lab

1. Nylon

2. Polyester

3. Teflon

4. Epoxy

Examples of Synthetic Polymers

1. Aerospace

2. Biomedical

3. Electronics / Electronic Materials

4. Energy Technology and Environmental

5. Magnetic / Magnetic Materials

6. Optical / Optical Materials

7. Smart Materials

8. Structural

Classification of Materials Based on Functions