nucleotides and nucleic acids

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a nucleotide that plays a role in ______ transduction.

signal

Nucleotides are components of important __ cofactors

enzyme

A gene is a segment of DNA that contains instructions for making a functional ______ or ______

protein, RNA

Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) act as intermediates that carry genetic information from ______ to ______.

DNA, ribosomes

__ serves an an intermediate in protein synthesis

mRNA

The nitrogenous base is attached to the 1′ carbon of the pentose sugar via an ______ bond.

n-b-glycosyl bond

In pyrimidines, the N-β-glycosyl bond connects the sugar’s 1′ carbon to the ______ position of the base.

1

In purines, the N-β-glycosyl bond connects the sugar’s 1′ carbon to the ______ position of the base

9

The phosphate group is attached to the ______ carbon of the pentose sugar through a phosphoester bond.

5

Formation of the N-β-glycosyl bond occurs through the removal of

water

The 2′-OH group in RNA can act as a ______, breaking the phosphodiester backbone.

nucleophile

Because of its chemical stability, ______ is more suitable for long-term genetic information storage.

DNA

Phosphodiester bonds are typically drawn as diagonal lines connecting the ______ carbon of one sugar to the ______ carbon of the next.

3, 5

If a DNA sample has unequal percentages of A and T, and also contains thymine, it is likely ______-stranded ______.

single, DNA