Vocabulary Reading Test 03 - Cam 16

land-based (adj)

operating on land rather than at sea Ex. Most Romans were traditionally land-based people.

surviving documents (n.phr)

documents that still exist today Ex. Only a few surviving documents describe the event.

outer hull (n.phr)

the external body of a ship Ex. The outer hull was damaged during the storm.

narrow hull (n.phr)

a slim ship body Ex. A narrow hull helps increase speed.

plank (n)

a long flat piece of wood Ex. The bridge was made from wooden planks.

mortise and tenon (n)

a traditional woodworking joint connecting two pieces of wood Ex. The furniture was built using mortise and tenon joints.

sail near the coast (phr)

to travel close to the shoreline Ex. Small vessels could sail near the coast safely.

ballast (n)

heavy material used to stabilize a ship Ex. The ballast prevented the ship from tipping.

naval battle (n.phr)

a battle fought at sea Ex. The fleet won a decisive naval battle.

exposed to (phr)

vulnerable to something harmful Ex. The workers were exposed to harsh weather.

contrary to popular perception (phr)

opposite to what most people believe Ex. Contrary to popular perception, the task was not difficult.

rudder (n)

a device used to steer a ship (bánh lái) Ex. The captain adjusted the rudder.

stern (n)

the rear part of a ship (đuôi tàu) Ex. The sailors stood at the stern.

mast (n)

a tall pole that supports sails on a ship (cột buồm) Ex. The flag flew from the mast.

bow (n)

the front part of a ship (mũi tàu) Ex. Waves struck the bow of the vessel.

coordinate rowers (phr)

to organize rowers to work together effectively Ex. Music helped coordinate rowers during long journeys.

inhabitant (n)

a person who lives in a particular place Ex. The island has around 5,000 inhabitants.

approach a port (phr)

to move toward a harbor Ex. The ship approached the port at dawn.

port (n)

harbor - cảng

intercept (v)

to stop or catch before reaching a destination (chặn) Ex. Towboats intercepted the vessel.

drag to the quay (phr)

to pull a ship to a dock Ex. The vessel was dragged to the quay safely.

swell (n)

the movement of waves on the sea (sóng) Ex. The ship rose and fell with the swell.

resemble (v)

to be similar to Ex. Ancient trade networks resemble modern ones.

regularly cross the seas (phr)

to travel across seas frequently Ex. Merchant vessels regularly crossed the seas.

treeline (n)

the line above which trees cannot grow because of the climate Ex. The hikers climbed well above the treeline.

vanish (v)

to disappear completely Ex. Many ancient traditions have vanished over time.

textile (n)

cloth or fabric material (vải dệt) Ex. Ancient textiles are rarely preserved.

decay (n/v)

the process of gradually becoming damaged or destroyed Ex. Moisture accelerated the decay of the wooden structure.

thaw out (phr.v)

to become unfrozen Ex. The ice began to thaw out during spring.

swiftly (adv)

quickly and rapidly Ex. Organic materials deteriorate swiftly once exposed.

race the clock (idiom)

to work quickly before time runs out Ex. Scientists are racing the clock to document endangered species.

windblown (adj)

carried or moved by the wind Ex. Some artefacts became windblown after being exposed.

fieldwork (n)

practical work conducted outside a laboratory or office Ex. Archaeologists spent months doing fieldwork in the mountains.

patch of ice (n.phr)

a small area covered with ice Ex. Reindeer gathered around patches of ice in summer.

reindeer (n)

a large deer that lives in cold northern regions Ex. Reindeer migrated across the mountains.

congregate (v)

to gather together in a group Ex. Animals congregate near water sources.

mountain pass (n.phr)

a route through a mountain range Ex. Merchants crossed the mountain pass during summer.

stationary (adj)

not moving Ex. The team focused on stationary ice patches.

frost-weathered (adj)

damaged over time by freezing conditions Ex. Frost-weathered rocks covered the landscape.

boulder (n)

a very large rock Ex. Massive boulders blocked the path.

bedrock (n)

the solid rock beneath soil or loose material Ex. The ancient tools were found near exposed bedrock.

permafrost (n)

permanently frozen ground Ex. Permafrost helps preserve ancient remains.

bow (n)

a weapon used to shoot arrows Ex. The hunter carried a wooden bow.

traverse (v)

to cross or travel across Ex. Traders traversed the mountain passes.

daunting terrain (n.phr)

difficult and intimidating land Ex. The expedition crossed daunting terrain.

venture into (phr.v)

to go into a place that may be dangerous or unfamiliar Ex. Hunters ventured into the mountains despite the cold.

antler (n)

one of the horns of a deer Ex. Antlers were used to make combs and tools.

disintegrate (v)

to break into very small pieces Ex. Some wooden artefacts may have disintegrated over time.

retreating ice (n.phr)

ice that is gradually shrinking or moving back Ex. Retreating ice continues to reveal ancient artefacts.

bud early (phr)

to begin producing flowers or leaves earlier than usual Ex. Many trees bud early after a mild winter.

resilient crop (n.phr)

a crop capable of resisting difficult conditions
Ex. Scientists are developing resilient crops.

resume growth (phr)

to start growing again after stopping
Ex. Plants resume growth when conditions improve.

rain-soaked (adj)

extremely wet because of rain
Ex. The fields were rain-soaked after the storm.

culmination of research (n.phr)

the final result of many years of study
Ex. The paper was the culmination of twelve years of research.