Chemistry and Radiochemistry Learning Objectives

Vocabulary flashcards covering nuclear chemistry, chemical reactions, stoichiometry, and molecular structures based on the provided lecture objectives.

Radioactive particles

The different types of particles emitted during radioactive decay processes.

Nuclear reactions

Processes involving changes in an atomic nucleus that are represented through written equations.

Half-life

A calculated measurement used to determine the time it takes for a radioactive substance to reduce by half.

Radioisotopes

Common isotopes used specifically in medical diagnosis and treatment.

Balanced chemical equations

Written representations of chemical reactions where the number of atoms for each element is equal on both sides.

Combination reaction

A classification of a chemical reaction where multiple reactants form a single product.

Decomposition reaction

A classification of a chemical reaction where a single compound breaks down into multiple products.

Single replacement reaction

A classification of a chemical reaction where one element replaces another in a compound.

Double replacement reaction

A classification of a chemical reaction where two compounds exchange components to form two new compounds.

Avogadro’s number

A constant used to convert between moles and the number of atoms or molecules.

Molar mass

The mass of a substance used to convert between moles and grams.

Percent yield

A calculated value representing the efficiency of a chemical reaction.

Covalent compounds

Compounds formed by the sharing of electrons, characterized by specific names and formulas.

Lewis structures

Used to represent the arrangement of electrons and bonds within covalent compounds.

VSEPR model

The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion model used to predict the shape, bond angle, and polarity of molecules.

Electronegativity values

Numerical values used to determine the specific polarity of a chemical bond.