computing test 3

how many symbols can be represented by four bits

16

PandA representation is what kind of system?

binary

what was used to help to structure the digitized oxford english dictionary

tags

this defines how characters relate to each other when compared

collating sequence

when using physical phenomena to encode info name one potential solution if move than two alternatives

adopt one as present and alternatives as absent

info describing info is called

metadata

K bits in a sequence yield how many symbols

2^k

PandA is short for 

presence and absence

____ encode info on CDS and DVDS

bumps or pits

hexadecimal is base

16

grouping binary digits in groups of four makes converting to ___ easier

hex

____ is the name we use for the two fundamental patterns of digital info based on the presence and absence of a phenomenon

PandA

info is said to be ____ or distinct; there is no gray

discrete

the number of digits is the ____ or the ____ of the numbering system

base; radix

the more symbols you want the more

bits

______ is representing info with symbols

digitizing 

put the following binary following values representing the intensity of green in order from least to most intense

1100 0000, 1111 0000, 1111 1100, 1111 1111

the RGB setting for blue is

0000 0000 0000 0000 1111 1111

people tend to be sensitive to small changes in _____, but not to small changes in ____

brightness, color

analog info is

continuous 

according to the nyquist rule, the sampling rate for sound should be roughly ___

twice what humans can hear

the accuracy of the digitized sound is determined by

the sampling rate

a digital-to-analog converter

changes digital info to analog waves

do GIF files display vertical or horizontal bands better

vertical

jessica simpsons “a little bit” is three minutes is 3 minutes and 47 seconds long how many bits is this

320,342,400

raymond kurzwell is known as the inventor of

text-to-speech generation 

RGB values are usually stored as three

bytes

___ is the limit that defines the maximum rate that info can be transmitted

speed of light

all colors are with equal intensity of RGB subpixals are either ___, ___, or shades of gray

black, white

_____ is the term used when digital values are converted to create an analog sound

interpolation

_____ sound removes the highest and lowest samplings as part of its compression algorithm

MP3

pixel color is determined solely by the ___ or the color

intensity 

in OCR, each pixel is an estimate of how ____ the corresponding area is

dark

on a computer ____ means to store or transmit info with fewer bits

compression

to increase the _____ of a photo you should increase the difference between dark and light parts

contrast

when converting analog sound to digital sound using ____ bits yields a more accurate digitization

more

a process that allows the computer to “read” printed characters is called

optical character recognition

JPEG is to still images what ____ is to motion pictures

MPEG

the _____ states that bits can represent all discrete info even though the bits have no meaning of their own

bias-free universal medium principle 

GIF images are limited to ____ colors

256

a machine instruction uses how many bytes of memory

4

converting code that a programmer writes into assembly code is called

compiling

what has made computers faster

making everything smaller

which of the following is used for input and output 

hard disk

the processor has how many moving parts

0

from the smallest to largest, the correct order of prefixes is

kilo, mega, giga, tera

modern computers know

about a hundred instructions 

rerunning a program with the same data produces

exactly the same result every time

if this.Opacity +=1.0; increases the opacity, what line of code would decrease the opacity

this.Opacity -=1.0;

which off the following characteristics of a computer depends on the number of fetch/execute cycles it performs per second

speed

_____ deterministically execute instructions to process info

computers

without the _____, the processor is not capable of doing anything interesting

operating system

____ is an acronym for the name of the location where computer programs run and data is stored 

RAM

the ____ part of the computer is the hardware part of the fetch/execute cycle

control unit

in addition of fetching instructions, the F/E cycle also fetches

data

the math in the computer is done by

ALU

the ____ encodes keystrokes into binary form for the computer

keyboard

the computers clock speed is measured in 

hertz 

every memory location has an

address

the ____ keeps track of the next instruction to execute

program counter

_____ is a long list of words, more accurately, a long series of 0’s and 1’s that make up a computer program

binary object file

a ____ is required for every peripheral connected to your computer

driver

____ is a program that extends the operations a computer can preform beyond the hardwired machine instruction

operating system

an algorithm is a

systematic method for producing a specified result

algorithms are used by

various agents

algorithms must always

produce output or state that there is no solution

algorithms are guaranteed to work

100 percent of the time

when writing an algorithm in a natural language it is helpful to use _____ instead of _____

nouns, pronouns

if an algorithm is performed with the same data, at different times with different agents the output will be

the same

how many algorithms can solve one specific problem

many

programs containing ____ cannot be verified exhaustively

loops

a program is an algorithm that has been

specialized

algorithms must be ____; they eventually stop with the right output or a statement that no solution is possible 

finite

algorithms must be definite. they must specify ordered steps, including details on how to

handle errors

the steps in algorithms must be ___ so that the agent is able to do it

unambiguous