LAST BIO QUIZ!!!!!!
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25 Terms
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Codon
segment of RNA coded for amino acids, made up of 3 bases
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Why DNA replicates
needs to replicate to prevent errors and to enable splitting of cells
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DNA Model
6 deoxyribose, 6 nitrogenous bases, 8 hydrogen bonds, phosphate
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5’ to 3’ strand
when it goes up to down from 5’ to 3’
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3’ to 5’
when it goes up to down from 3’ to 5’
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Helicase
the unzipping enzyme, unzips DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds
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DNA Polymerase
the builder, replicates DNA molecules and rebuilds DNA strands, if it makes a mistake a mutation occurs, proofreads DNA too
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Primase
initializer, created primer to tell Polymerase where to start rebuilding
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Ligase
the gluer, glues DNA fragments together again
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What is happening here?
At the origin, DNA helicase unwinds the DNA
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What is happening here?
Single Stranded Binding Proteins keep the DNA strands separated after being unwound.
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What is happening here?
Primase enters and indicates to DNA Polymerase where to begin DNA replication
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What is happening here?
DNA Polymerase must wait for DNA to unwind to replicate, creating the lagging strand. Leading strand is continuously replicated while lagging has pauses.
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Lagging Strand
When DNA polymerase has to wait for DNA to unwind to replicate it, creating gaps later filled in, occur because DNA is antiparallel and replication only happens in 5’ to 3’ direction
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Leading Strand
Continuously replicated throughout DNA replication
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Central dogma
theory of flow of how we get our traits (DNA →RNA→Proteins)
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Transcription
Process creating RNA from DNA, happens in nucleus
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Translation
RNA to Proteins process, happens in ribosome
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DNA v. RNA
DNA:
* Deoxyribose sugar
* Thymine instead of uracil
* Double stranded
RNA:
* Ribose sugar
* Uracil instead of thymine
* Single stranded
* Deoxyribose sugar
* Thymine instead of uracil
* Double stranded
RNA:
* Ribose sugar
* Uracil instead of thymine
* Single stranded
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Nitrogenous bases binding in RNA
Adenine with **Uracil**, Cytosine with Guanine
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DNA structure
includes phosphate, deoxyribose, nitrogenous base
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semi-conservative
DNA replication creates this because the strands are half-old and half-new
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Hydrogen bonds
hold nitrogen bases together
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Anti-codon of tRNA
brings in amino acids
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Replication
doubling DNA, occurs only in 5’ to 3’ direction