The nuclear atom

Atom

An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains all of the chemical properties of an element.

What was discovered from the rutherfords experiment

• The nuclear carries most of the atomic mass

• Nucleus is positve charged

• The atom is mostly empty space

How is the atom structured

In the nucleus ther are positive charged protons and neutral neutrons outside of the nucleus there are negatativly charged electrons.

Nucleas symbols

X= atomic symbol

A= mass number( number of protons and number of protons)

Z= atomic number (number of protons)

Subatomic particles (mass, charge and place)

• Protons: nucleus, +1 , 1

• Neutrons: nucleus, 0, 1

• Electrons: shell, -1, 1/1836

Isotopes

Atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons. They have identical chemical behavior but with different atomic masses. They have different physical proerties for example density

Relative abundace of an isoptope

Is the percentage of atoms with a specific atomic mass found in a naturally occuring sample of an element

The average atomic mass

Is a weighted average calculated by multiplying the relative abundances of the elements isotopes by their atomic masses and then summing the products