Ch 04 acids, bases and salts reduced

Acids

Substances that taste sour and turn blue litmus paper red.

Bases

Substances that taste bitter, feel soapy, and turn red litmus paper blue.

Indicators

Substances used to test whether a solution is acidic or basic, changing color accordingly.

Litmus

A natural dye extracted from lichens, used as an indicator.

Neutral Solutions

Solutions that do not change the color of either red or blue litmus paper.

Acetic acid

Found in vinegar, it is a type of natural acid.

Formic acid

The acid found in ant's sting.

Citric acid

An acid found in citrus fruits like oranges and lemons.

Lactic acid

An acid that is present in curd.

Oxalic acid

Found in spinach, it is another naturally occurring acid.

Ascorbic acid

Also known as Vitamin C, found in amla and citrus fruits.

Tartaric acid

Found in tamarind, grapes, and unripe mangoes.

Calcium hydroxide

Also known as lime water, it is a base.

Ammonium hydroxide

Found in window cleaners, it is a type of base.

Sodium hydroxide

Known as caustic soda, commonly used in soaps, it is a base.

Potassium hydroxide

A base used in various applications, including soaps.

Milk of magnesia

Contains magnesium hydroxide, it is used as an antacid.

Turmeric

A natural indicator that turns red when in contact with bases.

Phenolphthalein

An indicator that turns pink in basic solutions and remains colorless in acidic ones.

Acid rain

Rain that becomes acidic due to pollutants like carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide.

Neutralization

The reaction between an acid and a base that produces salt and water.

Hydrochloric acid

A strong acid used in various chemical processes and found in stomach acid.

Sodium chloride

Common table salt produced from the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.

Indigestion

A condition caused by excessive stomach acid, often relieved by antacids.

Baking soda

Sodium bicarbonate, used to neutralize acids.

Calamine solution

Used to soothe skin irritations caused by acidic substances like ant bites.

Quick lime

Calcium oxide, used to treat acidic soil.

Slaked lime

Calcium hydroxide, used to neutralize acidity in soil.

Synthetic indicator

Indicators developed through chemical processes, unlike natural indicators.

Natural indicators

Indicators derived from natural sources, such as plants.

Hydroxide ion

An ion that makes a solution basic; often found in bases.

Acidic solution

A solution that has a higher concentration of hydrogen ions, typically with a sour taste.

Basic solution

A solution with a higher concentration of hydroxide ions, typically with a bitter taste.

Soil treatment

The process of adjusting soil pH to improve plant growth.

Turmeric paper

Paper that has been treated with turmeric to act as an indicator.

Lichens

Organisms from which litmus dye is extracted.

pH scale

A scale used to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution.

Weak acids

Acids that do not completely ionize in solution.

Strong acids

Acids that completely ionize in solution.

Weak bases

Bases that do not completely ionize in solution.

Strong bases

Bases that completely ionize in solution.

Buffer solution

A solution that resists changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of acids or bases.

Antacid

A substance that neutralizes stomach acidity and relieves indigestion.

Acid base titration

A laboratory method used to determine the concentration of an acid or base.

Grapes

Fruits that contain tartaric acid.

Amla

A fruit that contains ascorbic acid (Vitamin C).

Baking soda solution

A solution of sodium bicarbonate used for neutralization reactions.

Chemical reaction

A process where substances interact to form new substances.

Staining effect

The changing color of substances like turmeric when exposed to basic solutions.

Temperature change

The heat produced during neutralization reactions.

Salt formation

The product of a neutralization chemical reaction.

Lemon juice

An acidic liquid derived from lemons containing citric acid.

Orange juice

A liquid containing citric acid, commonly consumed.

Vinegar

A solution of acetic acid used in cooking.

Curd

A dairy product that contains lactic acid.

Soap solution

A basic solution created from the saponification of fats.

Turmeric stain

A yellow stain from turmeric that turns red in a basic solution.

China rose petals

Used as an indicator, turning colors based on the solution's pH.

pH indicator

A substance that changes color at certain pH levels.

Sour taste

A flavor characteristic of acids.

Bitter taste

A flavor characteristic of bases.

Sweet taste

A flavor characteristic of neutral substances.

Salty taste

A flavor characteristic of salts.

Taste testing

Determining the nature of a substance based on its taste.

Acid-base indicator,

A chemical that changes colors in response to pH changes.

Caution

A warning to avoid certain actions, like tasting unknown substances.

Hydrochloric acid reaction

What happens when hydrochloric acid reacts with a base like sodium hydroxide.

Washing soda

Sodium carbonate, used in various cleaning processes.

Sugar

A common neutral substance that does not affect litmus paper.

Common salt

Sodium chloride, a neutral compound.

Dilute chemical solutions

Weakened concentrations of acids or bases used in experiments.

Effect of temperature on reactions

Changes in heat during chemical reactions.

Color change observation

Noting any changes in color during tests with indicators.

Acidic taste confirmation

Using litmus paper to verify if a substance is acidic.

Blue litmus test

Dipping blue litmus paper in a solution to check for acidity.

Red litmus test

Dipping red litmus paper in a solution to check for basicity.

Varnishing and white paper activity

Using turmeric paste on white paper to see indicator effects.

Natural dye

A colorant obtained from natural sources.

Chemical pH determination

Using indicators to ascertain the pH of a solution.

Indicator effectiveness

How well an indicator can change colors with acids and bases.