Chapter 22 Handout

what is a species

A group of individuals capable of interbreeding and creating fertile offspring

what is neo darwinism

population genetics and theory of natural selection blended together

what is speciation

formation of new species by mutation, migration, and drift

what is microevolution

evolutionary changes within populations of species

macroevolution

evolutionary events leading to emergence of new species

population

group of individuals living in same geographic area belonging to same species, members can interbreed

what to individuals were instrumental in eugenics

sir francis Galton

Margaret Sanger

what is the hardy weinberg model

states that in an infinitely large randomly mating population, in which selection, migration, and mutation don’t occur, the frequencies of alleles and genotypes do not change from generation to generation

what is the frequency of AA if A is = .7, and a is = .3

.7 x .7 = .49

what is the frequency of Aa if A is = .7, and a is = .3

.7 x .3 × 2 = .42

what is the frequency of aa if A is = .7, and a is = .3

.3 x .3 = .09

who proposed the evolutionary theory

charles darwin and alfred russel wallace

what is survival of the fittest

refers to the ability of some phenotypes being more successful than others at survival

what is a fitness value of 0

means that the animal will die

what are the three selection types

directional

stabilizing

disruptive

what are three causes of genetic drift

chance

founders effect

genetic drift

what are two forms of non random breeding

positive assortment

negative assortment

what is the coefficient of inbreeding

quantifies the probability that two alleles of a given individual are identical because they are descended from a single copy of allele in a common ancestor.

F=1 represents when all individuals are homozygous

when did arrow cichlids evolve from midas cichlids

23,000 years ago

what is positive assortment

individuals with similar phenotypes or genotypes mate with one another more frequently than would be expected under a random mating pattern.

what is negative assortment

occurs as a result of attraction between dissimilar individuals