bio lab practical 2

_____: seedless nonvascular plants

* called “amphibians of the plant kingdom” bc _____
* the dominant plant body is _____
* which 2 organisms were studied in this lab?

bryophytes, lives close to the water for fertilization, gametophyte, marchantia, moss

* which organism is this
* what reproduction?
* gametophyte or sporophyte
* label

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marchantia, asexual, gametophyte, gemma cup, gemmae

MARCHANTIA

* since the plant body is undifferentiated, it is called a?

thallus

how does gemma cup asexual reproduction occur in marchantia?

a. ____ break away and form new plants

Gemmae

* which organism is this?
* which one is male?
* which one is female?

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marchantia, b, a

* which organism is this?
* what reproduction?
* label slide

marchantia, sexual, antheridial head, antheridium, flagellated sperm

* which organism is this?
* what reproduction?
* label slide

marchantia, sexual, archegonial head, archegonium, egg

where is the sporophyte in marchantia?

on female gametophyte

* which organism is this?
* sporophyte or gametophyte? (result of fertilization, hangs upside down on female plant)
* label

marchantia, sporophyte, capsule, placenta, foot, seta

* which organism is this?
* is the plant body gametophyte or sporophyte?
* which part is photosynthetic?
* label

moss, gametophyte, antheridial head or archegonial head

* which organism is this?
* what reproduction?
* male or female?
* label slide

moss, sexual, male, gametophyte, antheridium

* which organism is this?
* what reproduction?
* male or female?
* label specimen + slide

moss, sexual, female, archegonium, gametophyte

* which organism is this?
* is RIGHT picture sporophyte or gametophyte?
* Label the slide

moss, sporophyte, seta, capsule, gametophyte, capsule, operculum, sporangium/spores, seta

* technical name?
* common name?
* label herbarium

lycopodium, stiff club moss, strobilus, microphylls, rhizome, sporophyte

* which organism is this?
* what structure?

a. what does the structure bear?

* label slide

lycopodium, strobilus, sporangia, sporophylls, spores

* technical name?
* label herbarium

selaginella, sporophyte, microphylls, stem, roots, strobilus

* which organism is this?
* what structure?
* label slide

selaginella, strobilus, strobilus, megasporangium, megaspores, microsporangium, microspores

* technical name?
* common name?
* label herbarium

psilotum, whisk fern, sporophyte, sporangia

* technical name?
* common name?
* what phylum?
* label herbarium

a. what is the leaf arrangement called

b. which fossil has this leaf arrangement?

c. which fossils have the same fine rib lines

equisetum, horsetail, sphenophyta, sporophyte, leaves, branches, strobilus, whorls, sphenophyllum, calamites

* technical name?
* common name?
* label herbarium

thelypteris, wood fern, sporophyte, frond, fiddlehead, roots

* which organism is this?
* what structure is this
* label slide

fern, sorus, frond, sorus, sporangium, meiospores

* which organism is this?
* what structure is this (“irish heart” gametophyte)
* label slide
* is this structure free-living or dependent on sporophyte?

fern, prothallus, prothallus, antheridia, archegonia, rhizoids, free living

* which organism is this?
* what trait do we remember about this?

a. what is it tho…?
* which living seedless vascular plant has similar rib lines?

fossilized calamite bark, fine rib lines, phloem, horsetails

* which organism is this?
* what trait do we remember about this?
* what living plant of this group shares that similar leaf pattern?

fossilized sphenophyllum, whorls, horsetails

* Do gymnosperms reproduce via seeds or spores?
* what 3 things make it diverse?

seeds, seeds, wind blown pollen, wood

* which organism is this?
* male or female?
* label slide
* what makes their seeds unique?

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cycad, male, male cone, naked

* which organism is this?
* male or female?
* label slide
* what makes their seeds unique?

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cycad, female, female cone, naked

* which organism is this?
* cities only plant ____ trees

ginkgo biloba, male

* which organism is this?


* what structure is this
* male or female?
* label

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* what do the pollen grains give rise to?

pinus, cone, male, microsporangium, pollen grains, pollen grain, air sac, sporophyte generation

* which organism is this?
* what structure is this
* male or female?
* label

pinus, cone, female, ovule, integument, archegonia and egg, megaspores, seed, wing

* 3 vegetative organs in plants?
* 3 tissues that makeup plant organs?

a. what are the 3 cell types of ground tissue?

roots, leaf, stem, dermal, vascular, ground, parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma

* what is this model of?
* label

root tip, root cap, meristematic zone, zone of elongation, zone of maturation

* root cap function?
* meristematic zone function?

protect apical meristem and perception of gravity, root elongation

* what is this model of?
* label

root tip, epidermis, parenchyma cells/cortex, endodermis, pericycle, xylem, phloem

* is this a stem or root
* label

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root, epidermis, cortex, vascular bundle

* what is this?
* label

woody dicot stem, heartwood, sapwood, cork cambium, bark

label type of root

taproot, fibrous, taproot, adventitious, adventitious

* what organism is this?
* gram - or gram +?
* what do the roots give the bacteria?
* what does the bacteria give the roots?

rhizobium, gram negative, sugar and nutrients, fixed nitrogen

what stem does this describe?

* 1 cotyledon
* scattered vascular bundles
* fibrous roots
* petals in 3’s
* long narrow leaves w/parallel veins

monocot

what stem does this describe?

* 2 cotyledons
* ringed vascular bundles
* taproots
* petals in 4-5’s
* broad leaves w/pinnate or palmate veins

dicot

* what is this?
* label model

herbaceous monocot stem, epidermis, parenchyma, vascular bundle, sclerenchyma, xylem, phloem

* what is this?
* label model

herbaceous dicot stem, epidermis, vascular bundle, cambium, sclerenchyma fibers, phloem, xylem, pith, cortex

* what is this?
* label slide

dicot stem, epidermis, cortex, sclerenchyma fibers, phloem, xylem, pith/parenchyma

* what is this?
* label slide

monocot stem, epidermis, parenchyma, vascular bundle, sclerenchyma

label the twig

terminal bud, axillary bud, internode, node

* what leaf shape?
* label

simple, midvein, petiole, blade

* what leaf shape?
* label

compound, petiole, rachis, blade

* what is it?
* label

monocot leaf, upper epidermis, stomata with guard cells, mesophyll, midvein, xylem, phloem, lower epidermis

* what is it?
* label

dicot leaf, upper epidermis, stomata with guard cells, palaside mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, xylem, phloem, midvein, lower epidermis

label the flower model

(missing J label so ignore)

stigma, style, ovary, petal, sepal, anther, filament, stamen, receptacle, integument, embryo sac, egg, antipodal cells, polar nuclei

* which 2 cells combine to form endosperm?
* is flower A monocot or dicot
* is flower B monocot or dicot

sperm and central cell, dicot, monocot

state whether fruit is aggregate or multiple

* raspberry:
* pineapple:

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match with correct label

* strawberries/tomatoes:
* peach/plum":
* lemon:
* cucumber:

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aggregate, multiple, berries, drupes, hesperidium, pepo

* are these dehiscent or indehiscent?
* name the fruit

indehiscent, achene/sunflower fruit, acorn

* are these dehiscent or indehiscent?
* name the fruit

dehiscent, legume/peanut, capsule

* what is the seed called?
* dicot or monocot?
* label the slide

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zea mays, monocot, cotyledon, endosperm, radicle, plumule

* what is the seed called?
* dicot or monocot?
* label the slide

bean, dicot, cotyledons, plumule, hypocotyl, radicle, hilum, microple

label bean germination

primary root, secondary root, cotyledons, first true leaves, primary seed

* label the seeds
* their dispersal method?

chestnut, sweetgum, juniper berries

* label the seeds
* their dispersal method?

sedge, maple, cotton, wind

* label the seed
* their dispersal method?

magnolia, water

* what herbarium is this?
* common name?

oryza sativa, rice

* what herbarium is this?
* common name?

nicotina tabacum, tobacco

* what herbarium is this?
* common name?

canya illionensis, pecan

* technical name?
* common name?

juniperus virginianus, red cedar

remember that with bryophytes, gametophyte is dominant = therefore sporophyte is what you see under microscope

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say yes

yes

why are lycophyte’s leaves called microphylls?

small leaves with single midvein

* what cells makeup the epidermis?
* what cells makeup the cortex?
* vascular cylinder function?(remember it is composed of xylem + phloem)

guard cells, trichomes, parenchyma cells, conduct water and nutrients

* receptacle function?
* sepals function?
* petals function?
* stamen function?
* pistil function?

support flower organs, protects young flower bud, attract pollinators, male reproductive part, female reproductive part

* what is this

sphenophyllum

what 2 characteristics of the phyla sphenophyta have been retained for millions of years?

whorled leaves and hollow stems with fine rib lines