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Beaker

Used for holding mixing and heating liquids

Erlenmeyer Flask

Used for holding and swirling liquids without spilling

Graduated Cylinder

Used for accurately measuring the volume of liquids

Test Tube

Used for holding mixing or heating small quantities of chemicals

Test Tube Rack

Used for holding and organizing multiple test tubes upright

Test Tube Holder

Used for gripping and holding a hot test tube safely

Bunsen Burner

Used as a heating source by producing a single open gas flame

Alcohol Lamp

Used as an alternative portable heat source in laboratories

Tripod Stand

Used as a three-legged platform to support glassware being heated

Wire Gauze

Used to support glassware over a flame and distribute heat evenly

Clay Triangle

Used to support a crucible being heated over a Bunsen burner

Crucible and Cover

Used for heating small amounts of chemical compounds to very high temperatures

Evaporating Dish

Used for heating and evaporating liquids to leave a solid residue

Watch Glass

Used as a surface to evaporate liquids weigh solids or cover a beaker

Funnel

Used for channeling liquid or fine-grained substances into containers with a narrow neck

Filter Paper

Used to separate fine solid particles from a liquid during filtration

Volumetric Flask

Used for precise dilutions and preparation of standard solutions

Pipette

Used for measuring and transferring highly precise volumes of liquid

Buret

Used for dispensing accurate volumes of liquid during titration experiments

Dropper

Used for transferring small unmeasured amounts of liquid drop by drop

Spatula

Used for scraping transferring or applying dry chemical solids

Scoopula

Used for scooping and transferring larger amounts of solid chemicals

Glass Stirring Rod

Used for mixing chemicals and liquids manually

Thermometer

Used for measuring the temperature of substances in degrees Celsius

Forceps

Used for picking up or handling small solid objects safely

Crucible Tongs

Used for lifting and moving hot crucibles or evaporating dishes

Beaker Tongs

Used for safely gripping and moving hot beakers

Ring Stand

Used as a support base for attaching clamps and heating equipment

Iron Ring

Used with a ring stand to hold wire gauze or funnels above a heat source

Petri Dish

Used for culturing microorganisms and cells in a controlled environment

Mortar and Pestle

Used for grinding crushing and mashing solid chemicals into a fine powder

Triple Beam Balance

Used for measuring the mass of objects manually and precisely

Safety Goggles

Used to protect the eyes from chemical splashes flying debris and hazardous materials

Lab Apron

Used to protect clothing and skin from chemical spills and stains

Hot Plate

Used as an electricity-powered flat surface for heating solutions safely

(440 BCE) Democritus and Leucippus

Introduced the concept of atomicity

(340 BCE) Aristotle and Plato

Rejected the atomic concept

(1704) Newton

Integrated atomicity into his theories

(1803) Dalton

Proposed the atomic theory and a solid sphere model

(1896) Becquerel

Discovered radioactivity

(1895) Rontgen

Discovered xrays

(1886) Goldstein

Discovered canal rays

(1886) Crookes

Developed the Crookes tube

(1897) Thomson

Used the Crookes tube and discovered the electron

(1900) Planck

Introduced the concept of quantum theory

(1904) Thomson

Proposed the plum pudding model

What are Atoms made of?

Tiny invisible particles

(1911) Rutherford

Performed the alpha scattering experiment and discovered the nucleus

(1913) Bohr

Applies the quantum theory and proposed the planetary model

(1917) Rutherford

Discovered the proton

(1924) De Broglie

Introduced wave-particle property in nature

(1926) Schrodinger

Proposed a solution to the wave mechanical equation

(1934) Chadwick

Confirmed the existence of neutrons