Exam 4 Flashcards

Puberty

Time between the first onrush of hormones and full adult physical development

Growth spurt, sexual maturity

What two processes occur during puberty?

3-5 years

How long does puberty usually last?

False

You develop puberty and psychosocial maturity at the same time. True or false?

First two years

When is our height growth rate the highest?

puberty

Body weight slows down until:

14-15lb

At puberty, we can gain how many pounds a year?

Girls

Between boys and girls, who starts puberty earlier?

Boys

Between boys and girls, who gains more weight during puberty?

10-14 years

After the first two years, when does our weight rate increase the most?

distal to proximal

Growth spurts occur from ___________________________

weight, height, strength

What is the sequence of growth spurt growth?

x3

How much do your lungs grow during puberty

x2

How much does your heart grow during puberty

Vital

___________ signs reach adult value during puberty

60-100 bpm

Normal value for adult HR

100 breaths per minute

Adult respiratory rate

120/80

Adult BP

oilier

chANGE TO skin during adolescents

darker, coarse

During adolescents, hair becomes ____________, and grows on sex organs, armpits, etc.

Primary sex characteristics

Parts if the body that are directly involved in reproduction, including the vagina, uterus, ovaries, testicles, and penis

reproduction

Primary sex organs are directly involved in:

Secondary sex characteristics

Physical traits that are not directly involved in reproduction but that indicate sexual maturity (shape, hair patterns, breasts)

hips

During sexual maturation (secondary), females have wider ______

shoulders

During sexual maturation (secondary), males have wider:

Menarche

The onset of menstruation or sexual maturation in girls

12 years

Average age of menarche

Spermarche

The first spontaneous ejaculation of sperm-containing fluid

13 years

Average age of spermarche

95

In adolescence, brain is _____% of adult size and weight

myelination, synaptic pruning

What two brain processes are nearly complete by adolescence

myelination

Reaction times decreased in adolescence because of completed _____________

limbic system

What system of the brain reaches maturity during adolescence?

thrill

According to limbic system development, adolescents are more __________ seeking

Frontal cortex

What part of the brain responsible for inhibiting risk behavior is continually developing through adolescence

social pressures and stresses

What is the frontal cortex vulnerable for?

earlier

If your parents have earlier onset of puberty, you would have __________ onset

Girls

Who has earlier onset of puberty

higher

________ body fat results in earlier onset of puberty

higher

___________ stress level leads to earlier onset of puberty

genes, sex, stress, body fat

Four factors affecting puberty onset

limbic system

Which matures first: limbic system or frontal cortex?

more

Adolescents are __________ susceptible to peer pressure than other age groups

True

Circadian rhythm changes at puberty. True or False?

delayed

The onset of sleep is ___________ in adolescents

20

Only ____% of teens get the optimal amount of sleep on a school night

males

From 9th to 12th grade, do more males or females typically get at least 8 hours of sleep per school night?

less

As we age in high school (9th to 12th), we typically get ________ than 8 hours of sleep sleep

2,200

Average number of calories/day needed for girls in adolescence

2,700

Average number of calories/day needed for boys in adolescence

iron, calcium

What additional nutrients do we need in our bodies during adolescence

obesity, 22

Food choices during adolescents lead higher __________ rates at ______%

girls

High prevalence of eating disorders in teenage _________

anorexia, bulimia

Two major types of eating disorders in teenagers

body image

A person's idea of how his or hers body looks like in their mind

Girls, 2/3

Are girls or boys more critical of their appearance? What fraction of this population struggles with this?

lack of sleep, hormones, social settings

Reasons for moodiness increase in adolescence

Formal operational

What cognitive stage are adolescence in?

systemic logic, abstract ideas

What is the formal operational stage characterized by?

deductive

Adolescents can use _______________ reasoning to draw logical conclusions from facts

trial and error

10 year olds in late concrete operations stage can complete balance tasks via what process?

Induction

From one more more specific experiences or facts to reach (induce) a general conclusion

Deductive

Which is higher level? Inductive or Deductive reasoning?

Bottom-up

Inductive reasoning uses what type of approach?

wrong

Inductive reasoning can often lead to the _________ conclusion

Deductive reasoning

From a general statement, premise, or principle, through logical steps, to figure out (deduce) specifics

Top-down

What approach does deductive reasoning use?

Syllogism

A form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.

major premise, minor premise, conclusion

Order of syllogism

Hypothetical thought

Includes reasoning that uses propositions and possibilities that may not reflect reality

Intuitive thought

Thought that arises from an emotion or a hunch, beyond rational explanation, and is influenced by past experiences and cultural assumptions

Analytic thought

THought that results from analysis, such as a systematic ranking of pros and cons, risks and consequences, possibilities and facts

Logic, rationality

What does analytic thought depend on?

unconscious, emotional, experiential, hot

Four characteristics of intuitive thought

conscious, intellectual, rational, cold

Four characteristics of analytic thought

experience

________________ in decision making and thinking facilitates more accurate use of analysis

both (they can balance each other)

With maturity, adolescents can use formal analytic thinking or emotional experiential thinking more?

sensation seeking

Around start of puberty, maturation of limbic system matches the speak of _____________________

testosterone

Sensation seeking matches the peak of ______________ levels in males

Adolescent egocentrism

When adolescents can think about other perspectives, but still care more about themselves

Imaginary audience

Adolescents thinking that everyone is always watching them

Personal fable

adolescents thinking that their experiences and feelings are unique, and no one else will understand how they feel

Illusion of invulnerability

Adolescent thinking that misfortune happens only to others

digital natives

A generation growing up with technology

less

Adolescents from low -SES neighborhoods are ________ likely yo use the internet

income, age

two factors determining access to internet

age

The most notable digital divide

Identity vs Role Confusion

Erikson's stage during which teenagers and young adults search for and become their true selves; "who am I?"

Diffusion

Does not know or care what their identity is; another term for role confusion

Foreclosure

Adopt parents' or society's roles and values wholesale without questioning or analysis

Moratorium

An adolescent's choice of a socially acceptable way to postpone making identity-achievement decisions

Suicidal ideation

Thinking about suicide, usually with some serious emotional and intellectual or cogntiive overtones

Parasuicide

Any potentially lethal action against the self that does not result in death

ask, remain calm and supportive

What should you do if someone shows signs of committing suicide?

alcohol

Most frequently abused drug

marijuana

What drugs is related to an increase in school drop-out rates, teenage parenthood, and unemployment

tobacco

Drug that impairs digestion, nutrition, heart, lung, brain, and reproductive function

22.7

% of high school students in 2021 who currently drank alcohol

18

% of high school students in 2021 who vape

3.8

% of high school students in 2021 who smoked cigs