HUMAN BIO 1200 2.1 Atoms to Molecues

utah tech 2026 flashcards - ADHD friendly

hydrogen ion

a hydrogen atom that has lost or gained an electron, giving it an electric charge

matter

anything that has mass and takes up space (everything you can see, touch, and breathe is made of this)

atom

the basic building block of all matter in the universe

what is an atom made up of

subatomic particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons

what is a polar molecue

a molecule where the electrical charge is unevenly distributed. (ex. one side is a little more negative and the other side is a little more positive)

isotope

Atoms with the same atomic number but a different atomic mass due to a different number of neutrons. (ex. Atom = the general category Isotope = a specific version of that atom.)

covalent bond

when two atoms share electrons (co = together)

single bond

shares 1 electron pair

double bond

shares 2 electron pairs - stronger than a single bond

triple bond

shares 3 electron pairs - strongest and shortest covalent bond type

electron distribution

how the electrons are arranged around an atom

electron

a negatively charged particle found around the nucleus of an atom

what is a protons charge?

positive

what is a neutrons charge?

neutral

what is a electrons charge?

extra negative

what is hydrogen bond

a WEAK attraction between a hydrogen atom and another electronegative atom

cohesion

molecules of the same substance stick together

adhesion

molecues stick to a different substance

universal solvent

nickname for water

hydrophilic

water loving

hydrophobic

water fearing

radioisotope

a type of isotope (atom) that is unstable and gives off radiation

pH scale

tells you how acidic or basic a substance is

substance

type of matter with its own properties (a specific kind of stuff like water, salt, oxyen, sugar)

carbon

chemical element that is extremely important to living things

element

a pure substance made up of only ONE type of atom

capacity

how much something can hold

radiation

energy that travels from one place to another

atoms often bond with one another to form a chemical unit called a

molecule

valence shell

outermost electron shell of an atom

sodium atom

one atom of the element sodium

lipids

a group of molecules that include fats and oils (contain less energy than other biological molecules)

cell membranes

a thin outer layer that surrounds a cell

molecue

two or more atoms joined together

ions

particles that carry either a positive (+) or a negative (-) charge

atoms share electrons in

covalent bonds

beneficial uses of radioisotopes

they give off radiation we that we can detect or use

is low pH basic or acidic

acidic

is high pH basic or acidic

basic