Irene Gold Boards Review Physiology Practice Questions

Which of these carries deoxygenated blood?

a. Pulmonary veins

b. Right ventricle

c. Pulmonary arteries

d. Descending Aorta

c. Pulmonary arteries

Which valves are open during ventricular contraction

a. Aortic and pulmonic

b. Tricuspid and mitral

c. Aortic and mitral

d. Pulmonic and tricuspid

a. Aortic and pulmonic

Which valves are closed during ventricular contraction?

a. Pulmonic and mitral

b. Aortic and pulmonic

c. Tricuspid and Aortic

d. Tricuspid and mitral

d. Tricuspid and mitral

Where is ventricular repolarization found on an EKG?

a. T-wave

b. P wave

c. P-R segment

d. QRS complex

a. T-wave

( P wave = A depol

P-R

QRS complex = ventricle depol )

Which of the following has valves?

a. IVC

b. hepatic veins

c. Femoral veins

d. Pulmonary veins

c. Femoral veins

What is the role of seminal vesicles?

a. Makes acid phosphatase

b. Fructose production

c. Delivers sperm to urethra

d. Alters pH of the sperm

b. Fructose production

(Does not make acid phosphatase

Made by the prostate

Does not deliver sperm to urethra

Vas deferens

Does not alter pH of the sperm)

What is produced by parietal cells of the stomach?

a. Intrinsic factor

b. Pepsin

c. Pepsinogen

d. Gastrin

a. Intrinsic factor

Which of the following causes the gallbladder to release bile?

a. Secretin

b. Cholecystokinin

c. Micelles

d. Gastrin

b. Cholecystokinin

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported via:

a. Osmosis

b. Facilitated diffusion

c. Active transport

d. Passive diffusion

d. Passive diffusion

Which of the following is not a component of the tetralogy of fallot

a. Pulmonary stenosis

b. Hypertrophy of the right ventricle

c. Dextroposition of the heart

d. Tricuspid stenosis

d. Tricuspid stenosis

(Remember DRIP)

Which is not composed of pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

a. Bronchi

B. Bronchioles

c. Alveolar Sacs

d. Alveolar ducts

c. Alveolar Sacs

(simple squamous)

Which of the following causes metabolic alkalosis?

a. Severe vomiting

b. Diarrhea

c. Hypoventilation

d. Hyperventialtion

a. Severe vomiting

(Diarrhea causes metabolic acidosis

Not ventilation - that would be respiratory)

What transfers urine from the kidneys to the bladder?

a. Urethra

b. Renal Pelvis

c. Ureters

d. Major Calyx

c. Ureters

What is the outer portion of the epidermis?

a. Keratin

b. Stratum lucidum

c. Stratum germinativum

d. Stratum spinosum

a. Keratin

Which cranial nerve causes motion of the tongue?

a. CN XI

b. CN IX

c. CN X

d. CN XII

d. CN XII

Which of the following is not part of nephrotic syndrome?

a. Hypertension

b. Edema

c. Proteinuria

d. Hyperalbuminemia

d. Hyperalbuminemia

(HEP)

Which of the following is found in slow twitch fibers?

a. Less mitochondria

b. More myoglobin

c. Lighter color

d. Explosive power

b. More myoglobin

Which hormone is responsible for spermatogenesis?

a. FSH

b. LH

c. Testosterone

d. GRH

a. FSH

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the neurohypophysis?

a. GH

b. FSH

c. Oxytocin

d. TSH

c. Oxytocin

Which of the following hormones acts on both the breasts and the uterus?

a. Prolactin

b. Oxytocin

c. FSH

d. GH

b. Oxytocin

Which of the following is seen on the QRS complex of EKG?

a. Ventricular Depolarization

b. Atrial Depolarization

c. Atrial Repolarization

d. Ventricular repolarization

a. Ventricular Depolarization

What is the role of type 2 pneumocytes?

a. Gas exchange

b. Release CO2

c. Absorb O2

d. Reduce Surface tension

d. Reduce Surface tension

(By creating surfactant)

What do leydig cells make?

a. Dihydrotestosterone

b. FSH

c. Secretin

d. Sperm

a. Dihydrotestosterone

During the first trimester of pregnancy, which hormone is increased?

a. Prolactin

b. Estrogen

c. Progesterone

D. HCG

D. HCG

Which law keeps the lungs from over inflating?

a. Hering breuer

b. Laplac

c. Starling

d. Bell Magendie

a. Hering breuer

Edema is most commonly caused by:

a. Lymphatic blockage

b. Decreased osmotic pressure

c. Decreased hydrostatic pressure

d. Hyperalbuminemia

b. Decreased osmotic pressure

(Not lymphatic blockage, because it's more rare - parasites)

Glucose is reabsorbed in which part of the kidney?

a. DCT

b. Collecting duct

c. PCT

d. Loop of Henle

c. PCT

Which of the following is unique to the atria?

a. Intercalated discs

b. Gap Junctions

c. Papillary muscle

d. Pectinate muscle

d. Pectinate muscle

Which of the following is first digested in the stomach?

a. Fat

b. Starch

c. Sugar

d. Protein

d. Protein

What is the embryologic blood supply to the foregut?

a. Celiac artery

b. Superior mesenteric artery

c. Inferior mesenteric artery

d. Umbilical artery

a. Celiac artery

What causes calcium to be released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

a. Depolarization of sarcolemma

b. Release of Ach

c. Neuronal action potentials

d. Muscle contraction

a. Depolarization of sarcolemma

What is unique to smooth muscle?

a. Dense bodies

b. Troponin

c. Gap junctions

d. Myosin

a. Dense Bodies

Which cells from the pancreas secrete insulin?

a. Alpha Cells

b. Beta Cells

c. Gamma Cells

d. Exocrine cells

b. Beta Cells

During inspiration, what happens to alveolar pressure?

a. decreased alveolar pressure

b. increased alveolar pressure

c. decreased atmospheric pressure

d. increased atmospheric pressure

a. decreased alveolar pressure

Which are macrophages of the liver?

a. Microglia

b. Dust cells

c. Dendritic cells

d. Kupffer cells

d. Kupffer cells

What is the function of bile salts?

a. Digest Fats

b. Digest Proteins

c. Digest Starch

d. Emulsify Fats

d. Emulsify Fats

Which of the following is made by 2 glucose molecules?

a. Lactose

b. Sucrose

c. Fructose

d. Maltose

d. Maltose

What binds with calcium in smooth muscle?

a. Calmodulin

b. Troponin

c. Myosin

d. Actin

a. Calmodulin

Which organ has cell follicles containing colloids?

a. Liver

b. Pancreas

c. Thyroid

d. Stomach

c. Thyroid

Vitamin D has its greatest effect on absorption of:

a. Calcium and magnesium

b. Calcium and phosphorus

c. Magnesium and phosphorus

d. Calcium and Sodium

a. Calcium and magnesium

What causes the formation of secondary sex characteristics in males?

a. FSH

b. Dihydrotestosterone

c. GH

d. LH

b. Dihydrotestosterone

Which hormone is responsible for milk letdown and uterine contraction?

a. Estrogen

b. Progesterone

c. Oxytocin

d. Prolactin

c. Oxytocin

Which hormone releases testosterone?

a. Follicle stimulating hormone

b. Growth Hormone

c. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

d. Leutenizing hormone

d. Leutenizing hormone

Which hormone allows the sperm to penetrate the follicle?

a. Progesterone

b. Estrogen

c. HCG

d. FSH

a. Progesterone

Which of the following borders the sarcomere?

a. I band

b. H band

c. A band

d. Z Disc

d. Z Disc

ACh activates which receptor in the PNS?

a. Nicotonic

b. Muscarinic

c. Voltage-gated

d. Chemoreceptor

b. Muscarinic

Which contains the most oxygen?

a. Pulmonary vein

b. Right atrium

c. Left Ventricle

d. Left Atrium

a. Pulmonary vein

Starch is broken down by which enzyme?

a. Pepsin

b. Lactase

c. Amylase

d. Trypsin

c. Amylase

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers release which?

a. Ach

b. NE

c. Epinephrine

d. Adrenaline

b. NE

Which of the following is inferior to the prostate?

a. Vas deferens

b. Urethra

c. Bulbourethral glands

d. Seminiferous tubules

c. Bulbourethral glands

(Urethra is too distal)

Papillary muscles are connected to which of the following?

a. Chordae tendinae

b. Atrioventricular valves

c. Pectinate muscle

d. Atrial septum

a. Chordae tendinae

Which of the following is responsible for the plateau in an action potential?

a. Sodium

b. Potassium

c. Magnesium

d. Calcium

d. Calcium

Which of the following covers a group of muscle fibers?

a. Epimysium

b. Perimysium

c. Endomysium

d. Supramysium

b. Perimysium

Which of the following is an indication of right ventricular failure?

a. Exertional dyspnea

b. Orthopnea

c. Generalized edema

d. Non-pitting edema

c. Generalized edema

Highly specialized epithelial cells that cover the outside of the glomerular capillary in bowman's capsule?

a. JG cells

b. Podocytes

c. Macula densa cells

d. Bowman's capsule

b. Podocytes

Renin combines with angiotensinogen to produce:

a. Angiotensin 1 in the liver

b. Angiotensin 2 in the lungs

c. Angiotensin 1 in the lungs

d. Angiotensin 2 in the liver

a. Angiotensin 1 in the liver

Norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter for which of the following?

a. Preganglionic sympathetic neurons

b. Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons

c. Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons

d. Postganglionic sympathetic neurons

d. Postganglionic sympathetic neurons

Which describes fibers of the adrenal medulla?

a. Preganglionic sympathetic neurons

b. Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons

c. Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons

d. Postganglionic sympathetic neurons

d. Postganglionic sympathetic neurons

What is the main function of the myenteric plexus?

a. Control smooth muscle contraction

b. Control skeletal muscle contraction

c. Control swallowing reflex

d. Control absorbption of nutrients

a. Control smooth muscle contraction

Which of the following are macrophages of the lung?

a. Kupffer cells

b. Dendritic cells

c. Dust cells

d. Monocytes

c. Dust cells

Information from golgi tendons is sent to the brain via which tract?

a. Anterior corticospinal

b. Dorsal Column

c. Lateral spinothalamic

d. Dorsal spinocerebellar

d. Dorsal spinocerebellar

Which hormone suppresses the immune system?

a. Melatonin

b. Secretin

c. Cortisol

d. Growth Hormone

c. Cortisol

Sperm is stored and matured in which location?

a. Vas deferens

b. Epididymis

c. Seminiferous tubules

d. Bulbourethral glands

b. Epididymis

Fluid will leave by way of the renal pyramid through the ureters to the posterior urinary bladder which is located ___ to psoas major?

a. Inferior

b. Posterior

c. Superior

d. Anterior

d. Anterior

Which of the following is both exocrine and endocrine?

a. Pancreas

b. Liver

c. Brain

d. Stomach

a. Pancreas

Which hormone corrects for low serum calcium?

a. Calcitonin

b. Parathormone

c. Thyroxine

d. ADH

b. Parathormone

Deficiency of vitamin B1 from excess alcohol consumption is?

a. Mallory-weiss syndrome

b. Plummer-vinson syndrome

c. Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome

d. Gastroesophageal reflux disease

c. Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome

Which of the following statements about muscle is true?

a. Smooth muscle is stronger

b. Smooth muscle contains troponin

c. Skeletal muscle is involuntary

d. Mostly derived from the ectoderm

a. Smooth muscle is stronger

Which is responsible for ejaculation from the penis?

a. Pudendal nerve

b. Parasympathetic nerves

c. Sympathetic nerves

d. Increased bloodflow

c. Sympathetic nerves

Sodium is reabsorbed in which part of the kidney?

a. Distal convoluted tubule

b. Glomerulus

c. Collecting duct

d. Proximal convoluted tubule

d. Proximal convoluted tubule

Relative refractory period results in which of the following?

a. Depolarization

b. Hyperpolarization

c. Repolarization

d. Prevention of depolarization

b. Hyperpolarization

Which part of the population produces brown fat?

a. Adults

b. Infants

c. Children

d. Post menopausal women

b. Infants

Which hormone is elevated in the first trimester of pregnancy

a. Estrogen

b. Progesterone

c. Human gonadotropic hormone

d. Estradiol

c. Human gonadotropic hormone

In aerobic glycolysis what part of the body has an increase in blood flow?

a. Brain

b. Lung

c. Kidney

d. Skeletal muscle

d. Skeletal muscle

Which of the following cells is elevated by interleukin-1

a. Eosinophils

b. Lymphocytes

c. Neutrophils

d. Monocytes

b. Lymphocytes

Which of the following allows direct diffusion of ions and small molecules to maintain the heart rhythm

a. Cross bridges

b. Gap junctions

c. Nodes of ranvier

d. SA node

b. Gap junctions

Which hormone from the neurohypophysis is responsible for uterine contractions?

a. Oxytocin

b. FSH

c. Prolactin

d. LH

a. Oxytocin

Which of the following is a product of the corpus luteum

a. Estrogen

b. Estrogen and prolactin

c. Progesterone

d. Estrogen and progesterone

c. Progesterone

Which of the following controls the temperature of the body

a. Thyroxine

b. Hypothalamus

c. Anterior pituitary

d. Ovaries and testes

b. Hypothalamus

Which of the following adds lubrication to the larynx

a. Amylase

b. Lipase

c. Mucous

d. Chyme

c. Mucous

Why does a decrease in blood protein lead to edema

a. Decrease in oncotic pressure

b. Increase in hydrostatic pressure

c. Increased colloidal pressure

d. Decreased capillary pressure

a. Decrease in oncotic pressure

Which of the following is contained within slow twitch fibers

a. More mitochondria

b. White colour

c. Less myoglobin

d. Glycolytic enzymes

a. More mitochondria

What is the cause of rigor mortis in skeletal muscle

a. Calcium binds with troponin

b. Calcium conversion of ATP to ADP

c. Acetylcholinesterase

d. A decrease of ATP

d. A decrease of ATP

Sarcoplasmic reticulum is most important for __

a. Actin and myosin to bind

b. Muscle contraction

c. ATP to bind to myosin

d. Breakdown of ACH

a. Actin and myosin to bind

What is the endpoint of a sarcomere

a. Myosin

b. Disc

c. Actin

d. T tubule

b. Disc

When fluid goes through the papilla and renal pyramids, it enters into the

a. Major calyces

b. Minor calyces

c. Ureter

d. Bladder

b. Minor calyces

Which of the following has the highest oxygen pressure

a. Pulmonary artery

b. Pulmonary vein

c. Aorta

d. Brachiocephalic artery

b. Pulmonary vein

Ventricular depolarization is represented by the ___ on an electrocardiogram

a. T wave

b. QRS complex

c. ST segment

d. P wave

b. QRS complex

The QRS complex represents ___

a. Ventricular depolarization

b. Atrial depolarization

c. Ventricular repolarization

d. Atrial repolarization

a. Ventricular depolarization

Which of the following is not a component of the tetralogy of fallot?

a. Dextroposition of the aorta

b. Right ventricular hypertrophy

c. Pulmonary stenosis

d. Mitral valve stenosis

d. Mitral valve stenosis

Hyperventilation is the result of which of the following?

a. Metabolic alkalosis

b. Metabolic acidosis

c. Respiratory alkalosis

d. Respiratory acidosis

b. Metabolic acidosis

Metabolic alkalosis ___ the respiratory system to resulting in respiratory ___

a. Inhibits, acidosis

b. Inhibits, alkalosis

c. Stimulates, acidosis

d. Stimulates, alkalosis

a. Inhibits, acidosis

Which of the following is a large vessel that has valves

a. Artery

b. Vein

c. Capillaries

d. Lymphatics

b. Vein

Which cells are responsible for the release of surfactant

a. Alveolar macrophages

b. Epithelial cells

c. Type I pneumocytes

d. Type II pneumocytes

d. Type II pneumocytes

What do juxtaglomerular cells secrete

a. Renin

b. Angiotensin

c. Angiotensin II

d. Aldosterone

a. Renin

ADH has the greatest effect on which part of the nephron

a. PCT

b. Collecting duct

c. DCT

d. Loop of henle

b. Collecting duct

What is the function of aldosterone

a. Reabsorb potassium

b. Excrete potassium

c. Reabsorb sodium

d. Excrete sodium

c. Reabsorb sodium

Rathke's pouch of the adenohypophysis originates from which germinal layer

a. Endoderm

b. Mesoderm

c. Ectoderm

d. Lateral plate

c. Ectoderm

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the neurohypophysis

a. Somatotropin

b. Somatostatin

c. Somatomedin

d. Oxytocin

d. Oxytocin

Which of the following is responsible for the production of immature sperm

a. Spermatozoa

b. Spermatocyte

c. Spermatogenesis

d. Spermatids

c. Spermatogenesis