The cognitive approach

Assumptions

-Mental processes can be studied scientifically

-Psychologists make inferences about mental processes based on observable behaviour

-Indirect measurement of mental processes

-The mind works in a similar way to a computer

Schema

Mental framework that helps us organise and interprets information. They develops through past experiences.

Mental shortcuts - allowing us to process information quickly and efficiently

Potential errors : can distort our perception because it contains our existing expectations, we may also only interpret new information according to our expectations rather than the actual truth

Theoretical models

Simplified representations of how a mental process works. For example, a Working Memory Model is a suggestion of how Short-Term Memory may work using central executive.

Computer analogy

Compares the way the mind processes with the way a computer processes information.

Input > Processing > Output

Cognitive neuroscience

Combines cognitive psychology and neuroscience to understand how brain structure and activity are related to mental processes. It investigates the biological basis of memory, attention and perception. It has helped pyschologists to understand the neurological basis of mental processes and develop applications involving memory disorders and neurological conditions

FMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)

Measures changes in blood oxygenation associated with brain activity. Researchers can identify which part of the brain becomes more active during cognitive tasks

PET (positron emission tomography)

Uses radioactive tracer to measure processes such as glucose metabolism or blood flow, helping researchers examine brain function