Chemistry Chapter 1

extensive properties

properties that depend on the amount of matter
ex: mass

intensive properties

properties that don't depend on the amount of matter
ex: color

A mixture that has the same proportion of components throughout is considered to be __________

homogeneous

If a material is tested and every sample has exactly the same properties and the same composition, it is either a ____________ or a ____________

homogeneous mixture; pure substance

basic research

research carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge

W

tungsten

Sn

tin

dissolving sugar in water is a ________ change

physical

mixtures

can be separated by physical means; each component in a mixture retains its own properties

pure substances

elements and compounds; they cannot be broken down physical means

evaporation is a _______ change

physical because it is just a change of state

burning is a ________ change

chemical change because it is irreversible

chemistry

the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the changes it undergoes, and the energy involved

organic chemistry

the study of carbon containing compounds

inorganic chemistry

the study of nonorganic substances (metals and organometals)

physical chemistry

the study of properties and changes of matter and the related energy

analytical chemistry

the identification of the composition of materials

biochemistry

the study of substances and processes occurring in living things

theoretical chemistry

the understanding of the principles behind observed chemical behavior

applied research

research that is carried out to solve a problem

chemical change

change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties

physical change

change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties

physical property

a characteristic of a substance that does not involve a chemical change, such as density, color, or hardness

chemical property

a property of matter that describes a substance's ability to participate in chemical reactions

chemical

any substance that has a defined compostition

mass

a measure of the amount of matter in an object

matter

anything that has mass and takes up three dimensional space

chemical reaction

the process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances

metal

an element that is shiny and that conducts heat and electricity well

nonmetal

an element that conducts heat and electricity poorly and that does not form positive ions

metalloid

an element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals; sometimes referred to as a semiconductor

extensive properties

properties that depend on the amount of matter
ex: mass

intensive properties

properties that don't depend on the amount of matter
ex: color

what are the rows on the periodic table called

periods

what are the collums on the periodic table called

groups

what is the formula for celisus involving kelins

c=k-273

what is the formula for kelvin

k=c+273

what is the formula for Celsius involving Fahrenheit

c=5/9(f-32)

what is the formula for fahrenheit

f=9/5(C)+32