PSY5240 EXAM 3

5.0(1)
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/54

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

human sexuality

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

55 Terms

1
New cards
2 physiological responses that happen during sexual response cycle

1. Vasocongestion: blood flow
2. Myotonia: muscle contractions

* Occurs in genitals and throughout the body
2
New cards
how do erections occur in men?
* excitement phase: the erection occurs from arteries carrying blood to penis.
* erections can happen from touch, cowpers gland secretes fluid, testes expand
3
New cards
what is comparable for women to an erection?
* The excitement phase lubricates the vagina.
* this is similar to erection bc they both produce vasocongestion
* clitoris glands swell, muscles in wall of vag tighten.
4
New cards
Why cant M&J’s research be generalized?
* excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
* their model ignores subjective aspects of sexual response
* it only focuses on the physiological effects and ignores the persons emotions or feelings.
* does not include desire or passion.
* it also only included participants w high levels of sexual arousal
5
New cards
orgasmic platform
tightening of entrance to vagina by contractions in bulb muscle that occur during excitement phase of sexual response.

* occurs as they become more aroused and closer to orgasm
* entrance becomes smaller and grips penis
6
New cards
ballooning response
upper 2/3 of vagina balloons/expands to help penis enter.
7
New cards
orgasmic inevitability (ejaculatory)
sensation that ejaculation is about to happen and cannot be stopped
8
New cards
cunnilingus
oral sex on a women

* mouth genital stimulation
* can be heterosexual or lesbian
9
New cards
analingus
tongue and mouth stimulate the anus
10
New cards
sex flush
redness or blush that appears after an orgasm
11
New cards
fellatio
a mans penis is stimulated by partners mouth

* blow job
12
New cards
tribadism
* dry hump
* one women lays onto of another and moves rhythmically to stimulate clitoris
13
New cards
heteronormativity
belief that hetero sex is the norm
14
New cards
hooking up
Sexual encounter involving strangers or brief acquaintances, without expectation of forming a committed relationship
15
New cards
sexualization
when a person is valued only for their sex appeal and behavior.
16
New cards
dry orgasm
when no ejaculation is omitted
17
New cards
serial monogomy
when they are only involved in two or more sexual relationships before marriage
18
New cards
singleism
The stigmatization and stereotyping of people who are not in a socially recognized couple relationship
19
New cards
family of creation vs family of procreation
when the family you grew up in shifts into the family you create, (you become a parent)
20
New cards
polyamory
The non-possessive, honest, responsible practice of loving multiple people simultaneously—the emphasis is on the long-term relationship (this is not swinging behavior)

* higher w SES whites
* women in these move away from tradit. gender roles
21
New cards
climateric
a period lasting between 15 or 20 years (age 45-60) whre body makes transition from being able to reproduce to not being able to.

* decline in functioning of the ovaries
22
New cards
menopause
* the change of life
* the cessation of menstruation
* occurs in a 2 year period around age 50
23
New cards
pheromones
biochemicals secreted outside the body that are important in communication between animals that may serve as a sex attractant.

* present in urine, females can influence male sexual behavior.
* human pheromones exist
* human sweat, vaginal secretions
* aphrodisiacs are a myth
24
New cards
female sexual response cycle excitement phase
* Transudation – vaginal wall begins to lubricate
*   Glans of clitoris swells – becomes larger and harder
*   Orgasmic platform forms
* Crura and vestibular bulbs also swell due to vasocongestion
* ballooning
* breasts, lips swell, erect nips, sex flush, pulse rate

25
New cards
female sexual response cycle orgasm phase
* Orgasmic platform has series of muscular contractions
*   Mild orgasms
* 3-4 contractions; intense – 12 or more
*   Uterus has series of contractions (oxytocin)
*    Anus muscles may also contract
*    Sensation begins around clitoris and spreads outward; is very intense
*   Takes longer in women
26
New cards
women sexual response cycle resolution
*   Swelling in breasts reduces
*   Clitoris returns to normal position 5-10 seconds after orgasm; takes longer to return to its normal size
*    Orgasmic platform relaxes and begins to shrink
*    Ballooning of vagina diminishes
* uterus shrinks
* this can take 15-30 or an hour if no orgasm occurred
27
New cards
male sexual response cycle excitement phase
* erection begins
* Cowper’s gland fluid is secreted
*   Skin of scrotum thickens, scrotal sac tenses, and scrotum is pulled closer to the body
* Spermatic cords shorten, pulling testes closer to the body
*   Testes expand
28
New cards
male sexual response cycle orgasm phase
*    Series of rhythmic contractions of pelvic region
*   Orgasm and ejaculation are two separate processes
*    Ejaculation occurs in two stages
* Preliminary (emission) stage – contractions force ejaculate into urethral bulb
* Ejaculatory inevitability
* Expulsion stage – semen is forced out—urethral bulb and penis have a series of contractions
29
New cards
male sexual response cycle resolution phase
*   Detumescence – loss of erection occurs in two stages:
*   Corpora cavernosa empty – leaves penis enlarged but less firm
* Corpus spongiosum and glans empty – penis returns to unaroused state
*    Vasoconstriction – epinephrine and norepinephrine
*   Scrotum/testes return to unstimulated size/position
*   Refractory period – unresponsive to further arousal (few minutes to 24 hours – gets longer with age)
30
New cards
multiple orgasms in women
* women do not have refractory period
* after resolution phase, they can have another with proper stimulation
* usually happens with hand or mouth
* 5-20 with masturbation (M/J)
* 50 with vibrator
31
New cards
multiple orgasms in men
* Some men are capable
*   Detumescence does not follow orgasm – (continued stimulation is possible)
*   Some of the later orgasms contained ejaculate—others did not
*   Thought to be a learned behavior
32
New cards
Masters and Johnsons model
  1. Excitement – the beginning of sexual arousal – vasocongestion occurs

* (Plateau) deleted phase

2. Orgasm – intense sensation, release of sexual tension

3. Resolution – a return to physiologically unaroused state
33
New cards
Kaplan’s model
* Triphasic model:
* sexual desire (psycho)
* can come before or after vasocongestion
* vasocongestion of genitals (physio)
* reflex muscular contractions of orgasm phase (physio)
* Differs from MJ bc adds psychological feelings into the model
34
New cards
justifications for kaplan’s model
* vasocongestion is controlled by parasympathetic ANS
* ejaculation/orgasm controlled by sympathetic ANS
* ejaculation can be controlled, erection cannot
* impairment of components can produce disorders
35
New cards
dual control model
model that believes the sexual response is controlled both by sexual excitation(responding with arousal to sexual stimuli) and sexual inhibition ( produce arousal)
36
New cards
what structures are responsible for female orgasm
* contractions of orgasmic platform and muscles of vagina
* skenes gland stimulation
37
New cards
how do sex hormones affect development and behavior
* organizing effects:
* happens in early development, results in permanent change in brain and reproductive system
* activating effects:
* early adulthood, results in activation behaviors like sexual and aggressive
38
New cards
androgen in men vs women
women:

* sexual desire, help with low sexual desire, decline with age

Men:

* testosterone maintains sexual desire
39
New cards
best way to stimulate women during two person sex
light, gentle touching

* rubbing thighs, lips and clitoris
40
New cards
when is sexual response present in children
* it is present at birth. The first intimate relationship is with mothers, not sexual
* begin to self stimulate in infancy
41
New cards
mastabatory behavior in children
* 5-11 years old


* 40% of boys & 20% of girls report orgasms from masturbation \n by age 12
42
New cards
attachment in infancy
* Early experience with intimate encounters “attachment” may influence ones reaction to intimacy in adulthood
*   Quality of an infant’s relationship and attachment with parents can influence later capacity for sexual and emotional relationships
43
New cards
what factor is linked to early intercourse in girls?
* having a poor relationships with parents
44
New cards
Udry’s findings
* a girls sexual activity is related to their testosterone, not estrogen
* the effects of testosterone were accentuated in girls with absent fathers.
* testosterone can affect permissive attitudes
45
New cards
what is normal behavior online for teens
* sexting is not a normative behavior
* keeping in touch with others
46
New cards
never married
* median age is 27 for women, 29 for men
* 46% of men & 65% of women spent entire never-married time in one relationship


* 40% of men & 28% of women were involved in 2 or more sexually intimate relationships prior to marriage (serial monogamy)
47
New cards
cohabitating couples
* have sex more often than married couples
* marriages that preceed cohabitation are more likely to end in divorce
48
New cards
frequency of marital behavior
* Average American married couple has coitus 2-3 times a week in their 20’s

–         Frequency declines with age

–         Learning about desires, preferences, and habits may result in increased sexual quality

* Sexual inactivity associated with unhappiness with the marriage, lack of shared activity, presence of children, increased age, and poor health (1993
49
New cards
masturbatory behavior in marriage
–         Many adults continue to masturbate while married

–         Masturbation can serve legitimate sexual needs in marriage

•       Provide sexual gratification while allowing the partner to remain faithful during separation or illness

•       Pleasant adjunct to marital sex
50
New cards
fidelity today vs past
–         25% of married men and 15% of married women reported having engaged in extramarital sex at least once (1994)

* there is a decline in fidelity, internet infidelity
51
New cards
initiating sex in marriage
–         For 33% of married couples, husband and wife are equally likely to initiate sex

–         For 51% of married couples, husband is most likely to initiate sex

–         For 16% of married couples, wife is most likely to initiate sex (1983)
52
New cards
job satisfaction and sexual satisfaction
•   Women and men with satisfying jobs reported that sex was better, compared with those who expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs
53
New cards
attitudes towards extra marital sex and behaviors
* most people in US disapprove
* but attitudes are not good predictors of extra relationship behavior
54
New cards
divorcees vs widows
–         Most divorced women, but fewer widowed women, return to having an active sex life

–         Widowed and divorced women who have postmarital sex often begin a relationship within one year of the end of the marriage

–         Divorced men are more sexually active than divorced women
55
New cards
what occurs in men following prostate surgery?
* retrograde ejaculation
* ejaculate decreases, erectile problems