11 - Protozoa (Trichomonads)

Trophozoite

Which life stage of a protozoa is the motile feeding form, is very fragile, and may be infective?

Cyst

Which life stage of a protozoa is the resting stage, is resistant, and is infective?

Binary Fission

Which method of reproduction is when organelles duplicate and the protozoa divides into two complete similar sized organisms? They can divide longitudinally or transversely.

Multiple Fission

Which method of reproduction can also be called Schizogony and is when the nucleus divides repeatedly before the cytoplasm divides, resulting in the formation of smaller uninucleate merozoites?

Budding

What method of reproduction is when the new organism is produced from a small outgrowth of the parent cell and ejected when mature?

Conjugation

Which method of reproduction is through the exchange of genetic material between two cells, using a temporary fusion of cells and then normal binary fission?

Syngamy

Which method of reproduction involves the complete fusion of genetic material from two gametes which fertilize to form a zygote and encysts to form an oocyst?

Tritrichomonas foetus

What protozoa (full name) is a reportable cattle disease, resides in the reproductive tract of bovids, is of major economic importance, causes abortions, low calving rates, and re-breeding, and requires bull and calf replacement?

Male, Female

Tritrichomonas fetus resides in the reproductive tracts of which sexes in cattle? It can be found in the preputial cavity, urethra, testes, epididymis, seminal vesicle, vagina, cervix, uterus, and oviducts.

Yes

Most cows only harbor T. foetus a few heat cycles after infection or pregnancy loss, and infections can last 95 days, can some cows harbor the infection longer?

Yes

Can bulls be asymptomatic for T. foetus?

Yes

Can AI still allow transmission of T. foetus in some rare cases?

TrichGuard

Which vaccine is for vaccination of healthy cows 8 weeks prior to breeding and is annual to prevent T. foetus?

Trichobovis

Which vaccine is new and inactivated, and stimulates high serum anti-T. foetus IgG and genital IgA levels, leading to reduced calving intervals and calving rate increases?

Alcide

What chemical is a mixture of lactic acid and chlorine dioxide and is used to flush the preputial cavity of bulls to treat T. foetus?

Tritrichomonas blagburni

What protozoa (full name) causes feline trichomoniasis, is intestinal, and is found in the colon and cecum of domestic cats? It is passed fecal to oral. It causes chronic bowel diarrhea and flatulence. It is diagnosed with fecal smears and PCR and is treated with Ronidazole.

Trichomonas gallinae

Which protozoa (full name) causes avian trichomoniasis and canker/frounce, causes disease in young birds and is not zoonotic? It has no cyst stage and the trophozoite is infective. It spreads via pigeon milk, is spread fecal-oral, and can be spread at bird fountains. Difficulty breathing and starvation can occur due to lesions. Caseous necrotic lesions can appear in the upper GI tract and viscera with inflammation. PCR is used to diagnose.