Mitosis and Meiosis Quiz

Mitosis occurs in an organism to

grow, repair damaged tissues, and replace old or dead cells

List all phases of interphase

G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase

For each stage of interphase explain each cell activity

*G1:* Cell grows and performs normal functions;

*S:* DNA is replicated;

*G2:* Cell prepares for mitosis by producing organelles and molecules needed for division |

List each phase of mitosis in order

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

How are daughter cells identical to their parent cell

They have the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent cell

Show the stages of the cell cycle

Interphase (G1, S, G2), Mitosis (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase), Cytokinesis

What does a cell look like during interphase

The nucleus is visible, the DNA is in the form of chromatin, and the nucleolus is present

What occurs during cytokinesis

The cytoplasm divides, forming two separate daughter cells

How many chromosomes do human cells contain

46 chromosomes (23 pairs)

How is meiosis different from mitosis

Meiosis produces 4 genetically different haploid cells; mitosis produces 2 identical diploid cells

What is an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction

It increases genetic variation, which helps populations adapt to changing environments

Interphase

period of the cell cycle between cell divisions

prophase

first and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus

metaphase

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

anaphase

chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

telophase

After the chromosome seperates, the cell seals off, Final Phase of Mitosis.

Cytokinesis

division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells

trisomy 21

condition in which an individual has three number 21 chromosomes, resulting in Down syndrome

male

XY

female

XX

If a cell with a diploid number 24 undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes would be in each daughter cell?

Each daughter cell would have 12 chromosomes.

This is because meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half, producing haploid cells.

How many times doe cells divide in meiosis?

2 times

What stage does the cell spend most of its life in?

Interphase

Is interphase a part of mitosis?

No, interphase is not a part of mitosis.

Interphase is the stage before mitosis begins. It's part of the cell cycle

mitosis

Somatic cells are body cells (e.g., skin, muscle, liver) and divide through __________________ to produce two identical daughter cells.

Meiosis

Sex cells (also called gametes, like sperm and egg) are produced through ________________________ It results in cells with half the number of chromosomes (haploid), used for sexual reproduction.

G1 phase

Cell grows and performs normal functions

S phase

DNA is replicated

G2 phase

Cell prepares for mitosis by producing organelles and molecules needed for division