AP World History Review

Flashcards for key vocabulary and concepts in AP World History.

Champa Rice

Fast-ripening rice that allowed China to become an economic powerhouse during the Song Dynasty.

Dar al-Islam

A cultural region dedicated to Islam that formed as the Abbasids crumbled.

Sufi Missionaries

Played a key role in spreading Islam through trade and cultural exchange.

Syncretism

The merging of different religions, cultures, or schools of thought, exemplified through trade routes like the Indian Ocean and Silk Road.

Tenochtitlan

Urban center of the Aztecs that was known for tributes.

Cahokia

A Mississippi urban center known for mound building.

Manorialism

Economic system in medieval Europe centered around agricultural production on self-sufficient estates.

Serfdom

Labor system in medieval Europe where peasants were bound to the land and obligated to work for a lord.

Three-Field System

Agricultural technique used in medieval Europe to increase crop production.

Diasporic Communities

Communities that facilitated social elements required for trade.

Zheng He

Led treasure fleets that brought wealth via the Indian Ocean.

Mansa Musa

Spread Islam through trade, exemplified by his hajj.

Cultural Diffusion

The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another.

Syncretic Cultures

Fusion of two or more originally different cultures.

Pax Mongolia

Facilitated trade by ensuring the safety of traders within one big empire.

Gunpowder Empires

Land-based empires that expanded primarily through the use of gunpowder.

Janissaries

Christian boys trained in gunpowder weapons and converted to Islam, used in the Ottoman Empire.

Akbar

Mughal leader known for religious tolerance.

Bureaucracies

Established by rulers of land-based empires to hold power, centralize tax collection, and develop large militaries.

Louis XIV

French monarch who built the Palace of Versailles to demonstrate power and control nobles.

95 Theses

Written by Martin Luther, illustrating the Reformation and a major split in European Christianity.

Printing Press

Aided the spread of Martin Luther's Reformation ideas.

Lateen Sails

Maritime Technology that facilitated transoceanic trade.

Compass

Maritime Technology that facilitated transoceanic trade.

Caravels

European ship technology that allowed more cargo to be exchanged.

Columbian Exchange

The transfer of biological goods to and from the Americas.

Encomienda System

Coerced labor system used by the Spanish to farm cash crops.

Mita Labor

Coerced labor system used to mine silver from Potosi mines.

Triangular Trade

Trade system that benefitted the economy of various nations by exchanging goods and enslaved people.

British East India Company

Trading posts established by the British in India.

Chinese Civil Service Exam

An aspect that remained the same in China, though native Han Chinese were oppressed by the Qing.

Social Contract

Enlightenment idea where the government exists due to the people's consent.

Nationalism

Led to revolutions around the globe, including the American, Haitian, and French revolutions.

Declaration of Independence

An important text that inspired other independence movements.

Factory System

Systems that were able to mass produce goods such as textiles.

Meiji Restoration

An industrial movement in Japan.

Laissez Faire

Policies of hands-off economics that led to lessened government involvement in the economy.

Labor Unions

Developed by factory workers to promote rights for workers.

White Man's Burden

Ideologies which resulted in the stronger states having a duty to control others.

Sepoy Rebellion

Rebellion due to harsh policies leads to direct imperialism in India.

Berlin Conference

Determined which nations would control which areas in Africa.

Economic Imperialism

Industrialized states and businesses practiced primarily in Asia and Latin America.

Opium Wars

Wars fought due to Chinese leaders angered at opium being traded to fix a trade deficit.

Spheres of Influence

Present in China, where nations did not possess political control but still had significant influence.

Indentured Servitude

People were moving for labor opportunities.

Chinese Exclusion Act

Denied rights to immigrate to the United States.

Treaty of Versailles

Ended WW1 in 1918..

New Deal

Actively fixed the economy with new deals and programs to fix banks and create jobs.

Appeasement

Chamberlain used to try to stop Hitler.

Cold War

A decades long ideological struggle between the US and USSR that significantly shaped geopolitics of the second half of the 20th century.

Mutually Assured Destruction

If one person attacks the other will too.

Proxy War

Wars fought instead of direct conflicts due to Mutually assured destruction.

Decolonization

Occurred via either negotiation or armed conflict.

Globalization

Increased speed of globalization and had widespread effects on the global population in the 20th and 21st centuries.

Paris Agreement

Have nations agree to lower carbon emissions.

Multinational Corporations (MNCs)

Operate in various nations, typically ones with lower labor costs.

United Nations

Has several bodies such as the security council to promote safety or humanitarian rights spread.