heart

internal intercostals

orientation of fibers is /// \\\, forced expiration

external intercostal

orientation \\\ ///, forced inspiration

diaphragm

controls inspiration

3 openings for

esophagus, vena cava, aorta

the 3 openings names

esophageal hiatus, caval opening, aortic hiatus

CABG

coronary artery bypass graft

anastomosis

multiple routes to the same place

what does the CABG do?

cuts the internal thoracic artery and attaches it to the heart that needs blood

what will you find in the costal groove

vein, artery, nerve

VAN

superior to inferior vein, artery, nerve

circular anastomosis - arteries

posterior from thoracic aorta anterior from internal thoracic artery

circular anastomosis - veins

posterior to azygos ® or hemi-azygous (L), anterior to internal thoracic veins

where are the azygos veins

midsaggital section

azygos vein dumps

into superior vena cava, right side, venous return from rib cage

hemizygos dumps where?

left side

cardiodynamics

right and left pump in heart

right pump

blood goes in

left pump

blood goes out

what is cardiodynamics for

cellular respiration

coronary circulation

blood flow to the heart, energy source to the heart, first place oxygenated blood goes

when does coronary circulation occur?

occurs during ventricular diastole

ventricular diastole

ventricles are relaxed

ventricular systole

ventricles are contracted

systole

period of contraction top number increases

dyastole

period of relaxation bottom number goes down

what vein in the leg can be used to bypass blockage

saphenous vein