US History 1 Final Exam Prep

YES IM PASSING FRIDAY

Chief Justice John Marshall's Supreme Court rulings

Marshall rulings favored federal power as it strengthened the role of the federal government.

Marbury v. Madison (judicial review), McCulloch v. Maryland (federal supremacy), and Gibbons v. Ogden (federal control)

Difference on views on government power between Federalists and Democratic Republicans

Federalists supported a strong central government while the democratic republicans favored state rights

Purpose of Lewis and Clark expedition and findings

They explored newly acquired land, and mapped a route to the Pacific, and established the US in Oregon Territory

Impact of purchase (Louisiana Purchase)

1803, 15 million. Doubled the size of the US and encouraged manifest destiny which is a belief that Americans were destined to expand across

Henry Clay's American System - Plan to strengthen US economy

Included Protective Tariffs, National Bank, and Internal Improvements (roads and canals)

Region that benefited most and region opposed to the American System

It Benefited the North due to industrial interest. The South opposed it especially because of tariffs

Missouri Compromise - 1820 - issue it hoped to resolve

It aimed to settle tensions over slavery in new territories

Missouri Compromise - terms

It said the Missouri was a slave state and Maine is a free state

Missouri Compromise - permanent or temporary fix?

It made balance of power for 30 years but did not solve the overall conflict

Monroe Doctrine - Purpose of the doctrine

Made to oppose European colonization in the Americas and prevent interference in affairs of Western Hemisphere

Monroe Doctrine - How it showed influence and control over western hemisphere

It warned European powers that any interference in the Americas would be seen as a hostile act. Asserted control and independence in the US

Transportation Revolution - Purpose for country expanding transportation in relation to the economy

To move people, gather raw materials, and manufacture goods more efficiently

Transportation Revolution - Regions railroads/canals connected

It connected the North and Midwest

Universal white manhood suffrage

All white men could vote, regardless of property ownership or wealth

Universal suffrage - effect of lowering/eliminating property rights on voting

It dropped property and religious requirements allowing all white males to vote

Universal suffrage - impact on democracy

Led to greater democratic participation for the two-party system

King Andrew Political Cartoon

Showed Andrew abusing power

Examples of Jackson going against the Constitution

Bank war, Indian Removal Act, and Pet Banks

Bank war

Vetoed the recharter of national bank

Indian Removal Act

Forced relocation of Native Americans

Pet Banks

Moved federal funds to state banks after dismantling the national bank

Political party formed at the time against Jackson

Whig Party opposed to Jackson

Seneca Falls Convention - significance and goal of meeting

First Womens rights convention that issued demanding rights

Declaration of Sentiments

Women asked for equality in voting legal and property rights

Dorothea Dix (social reformer) - reasons for advocating change

Advocated for more humane treatment of the mentally ill and prisoners

2nd Great Awakening - catalyst for other social reform movements

Inspired movements like temperance abolition and women's rights

Horace Mann

Universal public education to create informed moral citizens

Horace Mann - proposed funding

Called for state-funded education and public schoolings system

Women’s Temperance Movement - Why get rid of alcohol?

Reduced alcohol consumption due to its negative effects on family life and society

Nat Turner's Rebellion/Slave rebellions - impact

Spread fear among white Southerners of more slave uprisings

Agricultural Economy/Social ladder of South - planter class

Held most economic and political power

South - majority of population description

They were small farmers, not slave-owning plantation elites

California Gold Rush - impact on west and diversity

This drew large numbers westward, populating California rapidly

California Gold Rush - immigrant origins

It attracted immigrants, mainly from China, Latin America, and Europe

Manifest Destiny - belief and origin

The belief is that the US was destined by god to expand across North America because of religious and racial superiority

Territorial and Land Acquisitions during the 1800’s - how they occurred

Diplomacy and war

Territorial Acquisitions - key issue

the establishment of sovereignty over a given piece of land. It created issues around slavery in new territories

Henry Clay’s Compromise of 1850 - 5 components

California is a Free state, Stronger Fugitive Slave law, No slave trade in DC, New Mexico and Utah have popular sovereignty, and Texas paid to give up land claims

Underground Railroad - abolitionist goals

Help enslaved people escape to freedom

Southern argument for slavery as a social good

Claimed it was a positive good economically and morally beneficial for the enslaved

Dred Scott case - Supreme Court ruling

It established that African Americans were not citizens and Congress couldn’t ban slavery in territories

Dred Scott case - impact on sectionalism

Increased sectionalism and angered the North

Election of 1860 - state that seceded after Lincoln won

South Carolina

Election of 1860 - fear about Lincoln

They feared that it might mean the end to slavery

Civil War - Union advantages and disadvantages

Union had a larger population, but less trained soldiers

Civil War - Confederacy strengths

Confederacy had strong generals and wanted to defend life

Lincoln's Gettysburg Address - intent

This emphasised continuing the war to ensure those who died didn’t do so in vain and to push forward. Freedom and equality

Reconstruction - Freedmen's Bureau

Helped former slaves with education, jobs, food, and shelter

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery

14th Amendment

Granted citizenship and equal protection

15th Amendment

Voting rights for Black men

Sharecropping

landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on that land. Kept many Black families in debt and poverty

40 Acres and a Mule

Promise of land for freedmen; largely unfulfilled

KKK - formation and methods

White supremacist group that used violence and intimidation to suppress Black rights

Marbury v. Madison

Judicial Review

McCulloch v. Maryland

Federal supremacy. federal laws are the supreme law of the land

Gibbons v. Ogden

Interstate commerce regulation. *Established federal power over state laws.