phylogenetics

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7 Terms

1
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what is phylogeny?

the grouping of organisms based on their evolutionary relationships using common ancestry

2
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what does a phylogenetic tree show?

the evolutionary relationship between different species and their most common ancestors

3
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all organisms have evolved from…

a shared common ancestor

4
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what does it mean if two species are described as being closely related?

they share a more recent common ancestor

5
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what are the four ways in which organisms can be classified?

  • comparing base sequence of DNA

  • comparing base sequence of mRNA

  • comparing the amino acid sequence of proteins

  • immunological comparison - comparing similarity in self-antibody shape

6
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how can information on amino acid sequences be used to construct a phylogenetic tree:?

  • organisms with more similar amino acids sequences are put into the same groups

  • if there is a greater difference in amino acids, shows groups diverged longer ago

7
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how does a phylogenetic grouping system differ from a hierarcy?

  • phylogenetic systems show ancestry of groups based on their evolutionary history

  • however, hierarchies group organisms based on shared characteristics