Chapter 10 - motivation

Q: What is motivation?

A: The force that drives individuals to take actions toward a goal.

Q: What is homeostasis?

A: A state of balance or equilibrium, particularly within the body.

Q: What does Drive Theory propose?

A: That behavior is motivated by internal states of need or drive, arising from disruptions in homeostasis.

Q: What is a drive?

A: Internal motivation.

Q: What is Incentive Theory?

A: The theory that people are motivated to engage in behaviors that lead to rewards and avoid those with negative consequences.

Q: What is an incentive?

A: Something that motivates or encourages someone to do something.

Q: What are external goals?

A: Desired outcomes that are not within one's direct control, often involving tangible achievements.

Q: What is hunger?

A: The overall drive to seek food, influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors.

Q: What are some influences on consumption?

A: Income, wealth, interest rates, and expectations about the future.

Q: What is sensory-specific satiety?

A: The phenomenon where the pleasantness of a food decreases after it has been eaten.

Q: What is obesity?

A: A medical condition characterized by excessive body fat; defined as a BMI of 30 or higher.

Q: What is a set point?

A: The target value or goal that a system aims to maintain (like body weight).

Q: What is sexual motivation?

A: The internal drive, impulse, or desire that prompts individuals to engage in sexual activities or experiences.

Q: What are the phases of the sexual response cycle?

A: Excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.

Q: What is the refractory period?

A: A temporary period after orgasm when a person is unable to experience another orgasm or ejaculate.

Q: What is parental investment?

A: The time, energy, and resources a parent invests to ensure the survival and success of their offspring. (Definition inferred as it was missing.)

Q: What is sexual orientation?

A: An enduring pattern of romantic or sexual attraction.

Q: What is the continuum of orientation?

A: The view that sexual orientation exists on a spectrum rather than as fixed categories.

Q: What is the achievement motive?

A: The drive to excel, succeed, and accomplish goals.

Q: What is emotion?

A: A complex psychological state involving cognitive, physiological, and behavioral components.

Q: What is the cognitive component of emotion?

A: The mental evaluation or interpretation of a situation.

Q: What is the physiological component of emotion?

A: Bodily arousal, usually triggered by the autonomic nervous system.

Q: What is autonomic arousal?

A: The regulation of involuntary body functions, such as heart rate and digestion.

Q: What is galvanic skin response?

A: A measure of changes in the skin's electrical conductivity due to sweating.

Q: What is a polygraph?

A: A device that measures physiological responses like heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, and sweating.

Q: What are theories of emotion?

A: Psychological models that explain how emotions occur and how their components interact.

Q: What is the James-Lange theory of emotion?

A: The idea that emotion follows the body’s physical response.

Q: What is the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion?

A: The idea that emotions and physiological responses occur simultaneously and independently in response to a stimulus.