Oral Exam #5

PSYC 310

drive reduction theory

an event is reinforcing if it helps satisfy a physical need

incentive motivation theory

motivation is derived from some property of the reinforcer

Premack principle

the idea that a high-probability behavior can be used to reinforce a low-probability behavior

response deprivation theory

A behavior becomes a reward when you don’t get it as often as you would like

bliss point theory

when people have different choices, they usually spend more time doing the things that give them the most rewards

partial reinforcement extinction effect

behavior that has been maintained on a partial schedule or reinforcement extinguishes more slowly than behavior that has been maintained on a continuous schedule

extinction burst

a temporary increase in the frequency and intensity of responding when extinction is first implemented

resurgence

the reappearance during extinction or other behavior that had previously been effective in obtaining reinforcement

factors that make someone resistant to extinction

• history of reinforcement

• magnitude of the reinforcer

• degree of deprivation

• previous experience with extinction

behavioral contrast

when rewards change for one activity, behavior changes in the opposite way for the other activity

positive behavioral contrast

when rewards decrease for one activity, people do the other activity more

negative behavioral contrast

when rewards increase for one activity, people do the other activity less

anticipatory behavioral contrast

people change their behavior because they expect rewards to change soon

escape behavior

performance of the behavior terminates aversive stimuli

avoidance behavior

performance of the behavior prevents the aversive stimulus from occuring

2 process theory of avoidance

something is scary (classical conditioning), avoiding the scary thing (operant conditioning) leads to negative reinforcement

Conditioned suppression theory

punishment does not weaken a behavior, but instead produces an emotional response that interferes with the occurrence of that behavior

Avoidance theory of punishment

punishment involves a type of avoidance conditioning in which the avoidance response consists of any behavior other than the behavior being punished

The Premack Approach to Punishment

the notion that a low-probability behavior can be used to punish a higher probability behavior