Anatomy 1 Exam 1 (Random Questions)

What are the two other names the forelimb can be called?

Thoracic and Pelvic

What percent of the dog’s weight does the forelimb bear?

60%

What activities does the forelimb support?

All weight-bearing activities like running, jumping, walking, stairs

What bones are associated with the forelimb?

Scapula, Clavicle, Humerus, Radius, Ulna. Carpals, Metacarpals, and Phalanges

What happens to the clavicle in animals that lean on the forelimb to walk?

It is reduced

Describe the clavicle in mammals that dig, climb, or fly.

Can be very long

Which species has the most developed and complex clavicle

Humans

Describe the clavicle in dogs and cats.

Vestigial bone that is not articulated and free floating (appears tendonous)

Describe the clavicle in a mouse.

Well developed bone that articulates with the sternum and participates in the shoulder joint

What species is the clavicle well developed in?

Mouse, oposum, chicken

What are the three borders of the scapula?

Cranial, Dorsal, and Caudal

What are the three angles of the scapula?

Ventral, Caudal, and Cranial

What are the two surfaces of the scapula?

Medial and Lateral

Where does the scapular spine stretch from?

Cranial angle to the acromion

What muscles attach to the acromion?

Deltoid, Omotransversarius, Trapezius

What muscle attaches to the supraglenoid tubercle?

Biceps brachii

What muscle attaches to the infraglenoid tubercle?

Triceps brachii

What species have a suprahamate process?

Cats and mice

What percentage of fractures occur in the body of the scapula?

50%

What percentage of fractures happen in the scapular spine?

16%

What percentage of fractures happen in the neck of the scapula?

7%

What percentage of scapular fractures are segmental?

17%

What percentage of scapular fractures are bilateral?

1%

What percentage of scapular fractures occur in the glenoid region?

9%

How does the scapula attach to the trunk?

Synsarcosis

What else can the acromion be called?

hamate process

Where do the pectoral muscles attach on the humerus?

Lesser tubercle

In canines, which meniscus is injured more often, especially when paired with CCL rupture?

Medial meniscus

Which direction does the head of the humerus face?

Caudally

What are the three divisions of muscles?

Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth

What do extrinsic muscles do?

Attach the forelimb to the trunk

What do intrinsic muscles do?

Bridge joints within the limb

What are the superficial extrinsic muscles of the forelimb? (Sammy orders BLT sandwiches)

Sternocephalicus, Omotransversarius, Brachiocephalicus, Latissimus dorsi, Trapezius, Superficial pectoral

What are the deep extrinsic muscles of the forelimb?

Rhomboideus, Subclavius, Serratus ventralis, Deep Pectoral

What innervates all of the superficial extrinsic muscles besides the latissimus dorsi?

Accessory Nerve

What is the blood flow through the shoulder?

Heart, costocervical trunk, superficial cervical artery, suprascapular artery, suprascapular vein, superficial cervical vein, external jugular, and back to heart