APUSH Review Questions Across Time Periods

Iroquois Confederacy

Powerful Native American alliance ending tribal warfare.

Indentured Servant Land Grant

50 acres for paying laborer's passage.

Bacon's Rebellion

Conflict between poor former indentured servants and gentry.

Stono Rebellion

Slave revolt attempting to flee to Spanish Florida.

John Winthrop

Leader of the Puritans in New England.

Dissenters

Banished individuals from Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Halfway Covenant

Eased church membership requirements for Puritan children.

Great Awakening

Emotional religious movement challenging traditional ministers.

Quakers

Opposed violence and war.

Mercantilism

England's economic philosophy in the 17th-18th centuries.

Navigation Acts

Colonial products shipped only to England.

Salutary Neglect

Policy of non-enforcement of trade restrictions.

Proclamation of 1763

Forbade colonists from crossing Appalachian Mountains.

Stamp Act

First direct tax on colonists, sparked protests.

Intolerable Acts

Parliament's response to the Boston Tea Party.

Common Sense

Pamphlet by Thomas Paine advocating independence.

Enlightenment Thinkers

Influential philosophers promoting reason and science.

Natural Law

Belief in a universe governed by reason.

John Locke

Philosopher behind the concept of natural rights.

Revolutionary War Support

Colonists' reasons for fighting against British rule.

Battle of Saratoga

Turning point convincing France to aid Americans.

Articles of Confederation Weakness

Lacked power to tax or regulate commerce.

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Established governance for new territories.

Shays' Rebellion

Farmers' revolt due to economic hardships.

Constitutional Great Compromise

Combined Virginia and New Jersey Plans for representation.

3/5 Compromise

Counted slaves as 3/5 of a person for representation.

Federalist Papers Author

Leading Federalist advocating for strong central government.

Anti-Federalists

Opponents fearing tyranny from a strong government.

First Secretary of Treasury

Position held by Alexander Hamilton.

National Bank

Hamilton's proposal for a financial institution.

Loose Interpretation

Hamilton's view on the Constitution's flexibility.

Strict Interpretation

Jefferson's view emphasizing limited government powers.

Washington's Farewell Address Warnings

Avoid political parties and foreign alliances.

Election of 1800

Marked peaceful transfer of power from Federalists.

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Argued states' rights against federal government overreach.

Judicial Review

Supreme Court's authority to invalidate unconstitutional laws.

War of 1812 Causes

Impressment, trade restrictions, and expansionism.

War of 1812 Consequences

Nationalism surge and weakened Native American resistance.

American System

Economic plan including tariffs, infrastructure, and banking.

Era of Good Feelings

Period marked by national unity post-War of 1812.

Missouri Compromise Elements

Maine as free state, Missouri as slave state.

Monroe Doctrine

Declared Western Hemisphere separate from European influence.

Monroe Doctrine Success

Supported by British naval power.

Jacksonian Democracy Tenets

Expanded suffrage and emphasized the common man.

Spoils System

Rewarding political supporters with government jobs.

Nullification Doctrine

States' right to invalidate federal laws.

Senator Against Nullification

Daniel Webster opposed nullification efforts.

Jackson's Bank Response

Vetoed the re-charter of the Second Bank.

Anti-Jackson Political Party

Whig Party formed against Jackson's policies.

Worcester v. Georgia Response

Ignored Supreme Court ruling on Native American rights.

Trail of Tears

Forced relocation of Cherokee to Oklahoma.

Slave Labor Increase Cause

Cotton gin invention boosted cotton production.

Erie Canal

Completed in 1825, enhancing trade and transport.

Cult of Domesticity

Promoted women's roles as virtuous wives and mothers.

Textile Mill Workers

Majority were young women in the 1830s.

Replacement of Farm Girls

Irish immigrants began working in textile mills.

Seneca Falls Convention

First women's rights convention held in 1848.

Seneca Falls Leader

Elizabeth Cady Stanton was a key organizer.

Mental Health Reform Advocate

Dorothea Dix campaigned for better treatment.

Second Great Awakening

Religious revival led by Charles Finney.

American Colonization Society

Aimed to resettle freed slaves in Africa.

The Liberator

Radical abolitionist newspaper by William Lloyd Garrison.

Prominent Black Abolitionist

Frederick Douglass was a leading figure.

Abolition and Women's Rights

Sojourner Truth advocated for both causes.

Transcendentalism

Philosophy emphasizing nature and personal intuition.

Utopian Communities

Idealistic societies seeking perfect living conditions.

Hudson River School

Art movement celebrating American landscapes.

Manifest Destiny

Belief in U.S. expansion to the Pacific.

Jackson's Texas Admission Opposition

Feared it would provoke conflict with Mexico.

Fifty-Four Forty or Fight

Polk's slogan regarding Oregon territory boundary.

Polk's Mexican War Justification

Claimed defense of American territory and rights.

Treaty Ending Mexican War

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo concluded the conflict.

Wilmot Proviso

Proposed banning slavery in territories from Mexico.

Compromise of 1850 Elements

California free, stronger fugitive slave law.

Popular Sovereignty

Territorial settlers decide on slavery legality.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Allowed territories to choose slavery status.

Dred Scott Ruling

Declared African Americans were not citizens.

1860 Presidential Election Winner

Abraham Lincoln won the election.

North Advantages in Civil War

Industrial power, larger population, and railroads.

South Disadvantages in Civil War

Less industrial capacity and fewer railroads.

Advantages of the North

Industrial resources and larger population during the Civil War.

Disadvantages of the South

Limited industrial capacity and fewer railroads during the Civil War.

Border States

Slave states that remained in the Union.

Battle of Antietam

Bloodiest single-day battle in American history.

Emancipation Proclamation Consequences

Freed slaves in Confederate states and changed war focus.

Homestead Act of 1862

Granted land to settlers for farming in the West.

Lincoln's Presidential Power Expansion

Suspended habeas corpus during the Civil War.

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery in the United States.

14th Amendment

Granted citizenship and equal protection to all persons.

15th Amendment

Prohibited voting discrimination based on race.

Cycle of Debt

System trapping Southern tenant farmers in poverty.

Black Codes

Laws limiting freedoms of African Americans post-Civil War.

Compromise of 1877 Significance

Ended Reconstruction, withdrew federal troops from South.

Plessy v. Ferguson Ruling

Established 'separate but equal' doctrine for racial segregation.

Brown v. Board of Education

Overturned 'separate but equal' in 1954.

Voting Denial Methods

Literacy tests and poll taxes used against African Americans.

Atlanta Compromise Speech

Delivered by Booker T. Washington advocating economic progress.

W.E.B. Du Bois POV

Advocated for immediate civil rights and higher education.

Exodusters

African Americans who migrated to Kansas post-Civil War.

Transcontinental Railroad Immigrants

Chinese and Irish laborers built the railroad.