2.1 QUIZ REVIEW MS MONEY #20120801

#20120801

Fjord

a narrow inlet of the sea between cliffs or steep slopes

Missionaries

people whom a religious organization sends to spread the faith

Concordat

agreement between the pope and the ruler of a country

Fall of Rome

event that led to the Middle Ages/medieval times

Rivers

provided trade routes and protection in Europe

Mountains

isolated groups of people and encouraged the growth of independent territories

Gulf Stream

warm ocean current that influences the mild climate in West Europe

Climate

varies across Europe, with warm, dry summers and mild winters in S and W Europe, and cold winters and hot summers in central and northern Europe

Roman influence in Britain

weakened after Roman armies left, allowing Germanic groups to settle and become the Anglo-Saxons

Clovis

king of the Franks who became the first Germanic ruler to accept Catholic Christianity

Charles Martel

mayor of the palace who defeated Muslims at the Battle of Tours, stopping the advance of Islam into Western Europe

Pepin

son of Charles Martel who became king of the Franks and fought the Lombards, giving the pope the Papal States

Charlemagne

crowned as the new Roman emperor by the pope, worked to strengthen the empire and relied on counts to govern

Vikings

raided settlements for food and valuables, took slaves, and burned what they couldn't take

Otto

founder of the Holy Roman Empire, opposed by the popes due to the potential loss of power.