iGCSE Business Unit 2

job enrichment

making workers` jobs more challenging by giving them opportunities to be creative and take on responsiblity

appraisal

is a method of assessing the effectiveness of an employee

job enrichment

making workers` jobs more challenging by giving them opportunities to be creative and take on responsiblity

appraisal

is a method of assessing the effectiveness of an employee

commission

is payment (usually a %) relating to the number of sales made

wage

is a payment for work, usually paid weekly

performance related pay

is pay which is related to the effectiveness of the employee where their output can easily be measured

bonus

is an additional amount of payment above basic pay as a reward for reaching a target

job rotation

allowing workers to change jobs from time to time

motivation

The desire or willingness to complete a task

salary

is a payment for work, usually an annual figure divided up to be paid monthly

job satisfaction

is the enjoyment derived from feeling that you have done a good job

share ownership

is where shares in the company are given to employees so that they become part owners in the company

profit sharing

where workers are given a share of the profits, usually as part of their pay

fringe benefits

additional non-financial incentives that an employer may offer to employees e.g. company car

job enlargement

is where extra tasks of a similar level of work are added to a worker`s job description

job specification

is a document which outlines the requirements, qualifications, expertise, physical characteristics etc. for a specific job

autocratic leadership

a style of management centred on the manager in which the manager makes all the decisions

span of control

in the number of subordinates working directly under a manager

recruitment

is the process from identifying that the business needs to employ someone up to the point at which applications have arrived at the business

laissez-faire leadership

a style of management in which decisions are left to those who actually do the work, the manager only becoming involved when asked to resolve problems

staff managers

are specialists who provide support, information and assistance to line managers

job description

a written account of what a job involves

full-time

type of employment that will usually include work of 35 or more hours a week

line managers

they have direct responsibility over people below them in the hierarchy of an organisation

internal recruitment

appointing workers from inside the business

democratic leadership

a style of management in which the manager takes decisions only after consulting team members

delegation

means giving a subordinate the authority to perform particular tasks

organisational structure

refers to the levels of management and division of responsibilities within an organisation

job analysis

identifies and records the responsibilities and tasks relating to a job

trade union

is a group of workers who have joined together to ensure their interests are protected

external recruitment

appointing workers from outside the business

leadership styles

are the different approaches to dealing with people when in a position of authority

closed shop

means that all employees must be a member of the same trade union

chain of command

is the structure in an organisation which allows instructions to be passed down from senior management to lower levels of management

part -time

type of employment that is often considered to be between 1 and 30-35 hours a week

sender

of the message is the person starting off the process by sending the message

contract of employment

is a legal agreement between employer and employee listing the rights and responsibilities of workers

on-the-job training

training that takes place while doing the job

two-way communication

involves both the sender and receiver in the communication process, allowing discussion and explanation to take place

receiver

is the person who receives the message

one-way communication

where the person receiving the message is unable to reply to it

induction training

training given to new employees when they first start a job

internal communication

communication between people in the same organisation

workforce planning

is establishing the workforce needed by the business for the foreseeable future in terms of the number and skills of employees required

formal communication

the use of recognised channels when communicating

external communication

communication with people outside the organisation

message

is the information or instructions being passed by the sender to the receiver

redundancy

is when an employee is no longer needed and so loses their job. it is not due to any aspect of their work being unsatisfactory.

ethical decision

a decision taken by a manager or a company because of the moral code observed by the firm

off-the-job training

training that takes place away from the work area

communication barriers

things that get in the way of communication

the medium of communication

is the method used to send a message, for example letter or meeting

communication

is the transferring of a message from the sender to the receiver, who understands the message

feedback

is the reply from the receiver which shows whether the message has arrived, been understood and if necessary, acted upon

informal communication

the use of non-approved channels when communicating