GI Pharmacology and Oral Health Flashcards

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering gastrointestinal disorders, medications like PPIs and antacids, and oral health concepts from the lecture.

HSV-1

The fancy medical term for cold sores, which are often treated with antivirals ending in -vir, such as Acyclovir.

Dentifrices

Common household over-the-counter products, such as toothpaste, used for oral hygiene to reduce plaque and prevent cavities.

Halitosis

The medical term for bad breath, which can be caused by dental decay, throat infections like pharyngitis, or gastric ulcers.

GERD

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, a condition where hydrochloric acid from the stomach refluxes back up into the esophagus.

Lower esophageal sphincter

A muscle that opens and closes to allow food into the stomach and serves to keep acids contained within the gastrointestinal area.

Heartburn

The primary symptom of GERD, occurring when esophageal cells are damaged by exposure to stomach acid.

Antacids

Medications like calcium carbonate (Tums) and magnesium oxide that neutralize gastric acid and lower the acidity of secretions.

Simethicone

A medication, such as Gas-X, used to treat bloating by neutralizing or releasing gas produced by hydrochloric acid.

PUD

Peptic ulcer disease, which involves erosions or holes in the gastric walls often caused by H. pylori, stress, or high NSAID use.

Melena

Black, thick, tarry stools caused by the digestion of blood from a gastrointestinal bleed.

Peritonitis

Infection and inflammation of the peritoneal space that can result from a ruptured stomach wall or perforation.

H2 receptor blockers

Medicines ending in -tidine (e.g., Ranitidine, Famotidine) that block histamine to decrease gastric acid secretion.

Gynecomastia

A potential side effect in males taking H2 receptor blockers, involving the development of breast tissue.

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

Drugs ending in -zole (e.g., Pantoprazole, Omeprazole) that inhibit the hydrogen ion pump to reduce acid production.

Misoprostol (Cytotec)

A gastrointestinal prostaglandin that inhibits gastric acid to protect the stomach lining, specifically for ulcers caused by NSAIDs.

Sucralfate (Carafate)

A coating agent that adheres to the crater of an ulcer, forming a protective gel-like covering against acid and pepsin.

Metoclopramide

A prokinetic drug that improves peristalsis and increases lower esophageal sphincter pressure to reduce reflux.

Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)

Side effects associated with some GI drugs, such as metoclopramide, characterized by muscle rigidity and tremors.

Ondansetron (Zofran)

A serotonin antagonist used to treat vomiting by blocking stimulation of the vomiting center in the brain.

Scopolamine

An anticholinergic agent delivered via a patch behind the ear to treat nausea and motion sickness.

Stomach pH

The acidity level of the stomach, which for the purpose of checking NG tube patency should be less than $4$.

Normal Blood pH

The neutral range for blood pH, which is between $7.35$ and $7.45$.

Sodium bicarbonate

An antacid that should be used with caution in patients with hypertension because of its high sodium content.

Magnesium oxide

An antacid that should be avoided by patients with renal failure due to the kidneys' inability to filter electrolytes.