APUSH Chapter 1 Terms

semi-sedentary societies

A group of people who practice agriculture, but don’t ever move settlements.

great plains

stretch of land in US and Canada from Mississippi river to Rocky Mountains

three sisters: maize, squash, and beans

maze was carbs, squash was fiber, and beans were protein; the Indians grew them religiously.

matrilineal

Woman own the property

matrilocal

when you live with or near the wife’s parents

pueblo

adobe cliff dwellings

eastern woodland indians

lives along rivers—>Iroquois, Algonquian, Muskogean

iroquois confederacy

very skilled at growing corn

Longhouse

bark covered houses that give shelter to many families

Christopher Columbus

eager to spread Christianity, discovered the Americas while trying to find India from Portugal

hernan cortez

A guy from Spain, who was driven by dreams of gold and glory, set sail for Mexico

small pox

ghastly, contagious disease that killed many many people

francisco pizarro

Spanish conquistador, who led an expedition that conquered the Incan empire

zambo

people of mixed amerindian and african ancestry

St. Augustine

Theologian, philosopher and bishop of the Roman empire

bartolome de las casas

Spanish priest, writer and activist, known for his social reformation of the Americas

Black legend

The idea that the Spanish empire was only out for its own gain

casta system

social structure in the Spanish empire in the Americas that ranked people based on their blood lineage and race

creoles

people born in Louisiana during the colonial period who spoke French and Spanish

mulatto

racial term used to describe people of mixed ancestry

Samuel de Champlain

French explorer and colonist founded “new France”

joint stock company

large investor backed companies that were created to find expensive endeavors

horses

symbol of power used for trade and farming, the more you had, the more respect you had

columbian exchange

diseases, plants, animals, gold, and silver were exchanged between the New World and Europe

“New France”

The French colonies in North America from 1584 to 1763

coureurs de bois

French-Canadian fur traders

jesuits

A Roman catholic order of religious men who are noted for educational, missionary, and charitable works

metis

children of marriages between Indian woman, and French traders

beaver wars

Iroquois‘s waved War on the huron and Algonquin tribes

mourning wars

Iroquois’s attacked neighboring tribes to replace people lost to war, disease, or avenge lost husbands

new spain

centered in mexico but extended to florida keys and alaska

new mexico

colonized by juan de onate

juan de onate

wealthy, imperious son of a Spanish mining family, received land north of Mexico, and called it in New Mexico.

santa fe

became capital of new mexico in 1610

Mission system

Group of missions, founded by Spanish monks in the Spanish colonies, that forced native people to convert to Catholicism

mestizos

American-Indian and Spanish children

1680: Pope’s Rebellion

The pueblo rebelled against Spanish rule in New Mexico and expelled them for over 10 years

Pilgrims

Group of people who travel to North America in hopes of practicing their religion

Plymouth colony

The first permanent English settlement in New England

“praying towns”

settlements established by English colonial governors in New England between 1646 and 1675 to convert Native Americans to Christianity

pequot wars

armed conflict between Pequot Indians and English colonists that took place from 1634 to 1638 in Connecticut River Valley

New England confederation

armed federal alliance of the New England colonies in Massachusetts bay, Plymouth, Saybrook, and New Haven, formed in May 1643

king Philip’s war

native Americans last ditch effort to avoid recognizing English authority and stop English settlement

quakers

rejected elaborate religious ceremonies didn’t have official clergy, and believed in spiritual equality for men and women

john smith

English adventurer, soldier, explorer, and author; played a key role in the establishment of Jamestown

powhatans

helped the jamestown settlers with food

john rolfe

English explorer, farmer, and merchant, who was an important colonist in Jamestown, Virginia

anglo-powhatan wars

led to powhatans eventual removal from eastern VA

bacons rebellion

armed uprising in the Virginia colony in 1676 and 1677, that involves thousands of Virginians from all classes and races

French and Indian wars

North American conflict in a larger imperial war between Great Britain and France (7 years war)

New Netherlands

The first Dutch colony in North America

Dutch East India Company

established new Netherlands along the Hudson river in New York. Also established a for trade with the Iroquois.

peter minuit

Dutch colonial governor of new Amsterdam. Remembered for purchasing Manhattan Island

maroon communities

group of formerly enslaved africans and their descendants who gained their freedom by fleeing